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Molecular biology of retroelements
Virus Genes, 1990The observations presented on the molecular biology primarily of viral retroelements illustrate the complexity of the replication and expression of these molecules. They are revealing the subtle and intricate mechanisms by which these molecules bypass the constraints of the normal cellular machinery.
H, Will, R, Hull
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Retroelements in human disease
Gene, 2013Retroelements are an abundant class of noncoding DNAs present in about half of the human genome. Among them, L1, Alu and SVA are currently active. They "jump" by retrotransposition, shuffle genomic regions by 5' and 3' transduction, and promote or inhibit gene transcription by providing alternative promoters or generating antisense and/or regulatory ...
Kristel, Kaer, Mart, Speek
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Accelerated Evolution by Diversity-Generating Retroelements
Annual Review of Microbiology, 2022Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create vast amounts of targeted, functional diversity by facilitating the rapid evolution of ligand-binding protein domains. Thousands of DGRs have been identified in bacteria, archaea, and their respective viruses.
Benjamin R, Macadangdang +2 more
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Retroelements in higher plants
Trends in Genetics, 1992Representatives of several classes of retroelements have been characterized in a broad range of plant species, where they appear at variable and sometimes very high copy numbers. So far, only a very small number of plant elements have been shown to be active, and this activity seems to be restricted to specific situations of 'genomic shock'.
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Retroelements in Genome Organization
Science, 1996Transposons, mobile pieces of DNA, were first described in maize by B. McClintock. Now maize yields another surprise, as shown by SanMiguel et al . ( p. 765 ) in this week's issue. One particular class of transposon, retrotransposons, is present in the maize genome in numbers so vast that it ...
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Science, 2004
Molecular biologists have long been intrigued by mobile DNA elements in the genome called retrotransposons and how they replicate and become inserted at new chromosomal sites. New insights into how branching and debranching of retrotransposon transcripts may contribute to this process (Cheng and Menees) are discussed by Perlman and Boeke in ...
Philip S. Perlman, Jef D. Boeke
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Molecular biologists have long been intrigued by mobile DNA elements in the genome called retrotransposons and how they replicate and become inserted at new chromosomal sites. New insights into how branching and debranching of retrotransposon transcripts may contribute to this process (Cheng and Menees) are discussed by Perlman and Boeke in ...
Philip S. Perlman, Jef D. Boeke
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Retroelements, reverse transcriptase and evolution
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1995Retroelements are genetic elements that can exist as DNA or RNA or DNA/RNA duplexes. Although retroviruses are the best known retroelements, there are many other types, including close relatives of retroviruses like LTR retrotransposons, more distant relatives like non-LTR retrotransposons, caulimoviruses and hepadnaviruses and elements with virtually ...
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How repeated retroelements format genome function
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2005Genomes operate as sophisticated information storage systems. Generic repeated signals in the DNA format expression of coding sequence files and organize additional functions essential for genome replication and accurate transmission to progeny cells.
R, von Sternberg, J A, Shapiro
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Retroelement-Based Genome Editing and Evolution
ACS Synthetic Biology, 2018While several genome editing methods exist, few are suitable for the continuous evolution of targeted sequences. Here we develop bacterial retroelements known as "retrons" for the dynamic, in vivo editing and mutagenesis of targeted genes. We first optimized retrons' ability to introduce preprogrammed mutations, optimizing both their expression and ...
Anna J. Simon +2 more
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Retroelements: tools for sex chromosome evolution
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2005Many eukaryotic taxa inherit a heteromorphic sex chromosome pair. It is a generally accepted hypothesis that the sex chromosome pair is derived from a pair of homologous autosomes that has developed after the occurrence of a sex differentiator in an evolutionary process into two structurally and functionally different partners.
S, Steinemann, M, Steinemann
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