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Chloroplast Retrograde Signaling System
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2019Modern ideas on the nature and functions of plastid retrograde signals, i.e., plastid retrograde signaling, predominantly of chloroplasts, are summarized. The main attention is focused on the participation of plastid retrograde signals in inter- and intracellular signaling pathways and their role in the processes of plant growth and development.
N. P. Yurina, M. S. Odintsova
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Oxygen sensing: Protein degradation meets retrograde signaling
Current Biology, 2022A new study shows that mitochondrial retrograde signaling relies on strongly compartmentalized individual pathways previously not taken into account. This involves a link between mitochondrial oxygen consumption and cytosolic oxygen sensing via the N-degron pathway.
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Functions and mechanisms of retrograde neurotrophin signalling
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2005Neuronal connections are established and refined through a series of developmental programs that involve axon and dendrite specification, process growth, target innervation, cell death and synaptogenesis. Many of these developmental events are regulated by target-derived neurotrophins and their receptors, which signal retrogradely over long distances ...
Larry S, Zweifel +2 more
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Retrograde Fas Ligand Signaling
2007As highlighted in the previous chapters, the interaction of Fas with Fas Ligand (FasL) affects many different aspects related to activation and apoptosis of Fas-expressing immune and tumor cells. Over the past five years we have learned, however, that FasL also acts as a costimulatory or accessory molecule for T cell activation.
Andreas Linkermann +2 more
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Retrograde Signaling for Climbing Fiber Synapse Elimination
The Cerebellum, 2014Neurons form exuberant synapses with target cells early in development. Then, necessary synapses are selectively strengthened whereas unnecessary connections are weakened and eventually eliminated during postnatal development. This process is known as synapse elimination and is a crucial step for shaping immature neural circuits into functionally ...
Naofumi, Uesaka +5 more
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Retrograde Injury Signaling in Lesioned Axons
2009The cell body of a lesioned neuron must receive accurate and timely information on the site and extent of axonal damage, in order to mount an appropriate response. Specific mechanisms must therefore exist to transmit such information along the length of the axon from the lesion site to the cell body. Three distinct types of signals have been postulated
Keren, Ben-Yaakov, Mike, Fainzilber
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Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in the cerebellar cortex
The Cerebellum, 2006The regulation of Purkinje cell activity is important for motor behavior and motor learning. As the sole output cell of the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cell firing is controlled by parallel fibers and climbing fiber synapses, and by inhibitory interneurons.
Patrick K, Safo +2 more
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Local Synthesis for Retrograde Signaling
Science Signaling, 2012Axonal synthesis of SMADs triggered by the neurotrophin BDNF enables retrograde signaling by the morphogen BMP4 in trigeminal ganglia neurons.
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Cerebellar Endocannabinoids: Retrograde Signaling from Purkinje Cells
The Cerebellum, 2014The cerebellar cortex exhibits a strikingly high expression of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), the cannabinoid binding protein responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana. CB1 is primarily found in presynaptic elements in the molecular layer.
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Mitochondrial signaling: the retrograde response.
Molecular cell, 2004Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is a pathway of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus that influences many cellular and organismal activities under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. In yeast it is used as a sensor of mitochondrial dysfunction that initiates readjustments of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism.
Ronald A, Butow, Narayan G, Avadhani
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