Results 211 to 220 of about 379,319 (234)

The Catalytic Mechanism of RNA Polymerase II

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 2011
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcribes the DNA into mRNA. The presence of two metal ions (usually Mg(2+)) and conserved aspartate residues in the active sites of all nucleic acid polymerases led to the adoption of a universal catalytic mechanism, known as the "two metal ion catalysis".
Maria J. Ramos, Alexandra T. P. Carvalho, Pedro A. Fernandes   +2 more
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Catalytic RNA: Structure and Mechanism

Biochemical Society Transactions, 1993
The Hopkins Lecturer is given the charge of explaining how advances in other fields of science have had an impact on his or her own field of biochemistry. A moment’s thought revealed that it was not at all difficult to think of examples where other scientific fields have provided necessary groundwork for the study of RNA catalysis or RNA biochemistry ...
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Catalytic RNA and the origin of genetic systems

Trends in Genetics, 1990
The recent discovery of catalytic RNA molecules has provoked enormous interest in the origin of life and has given rise to new speculations about how living systems developed on the primitive earth. Here we outline why the discovery of catalytic RNA molecules has profound evolutionary implications, and then go on to discuss models for the emergence of ...
Lamond, Angus I., Gibson, Toby J.
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Catalytic RNAs

2015
This chapter looks at how RNA molecules catalyse chemical reactions, a domain which was previously thought to be reserved only for proteins. It clarifies that RNA has a more limited set of functional groups for building catalysts, which are confined to just four different nucleotides: A, C, G, and U.
David Elliott, Michael Ladomery
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The relationship between RNA catalytic processes

Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere, 1988
Proposals that an RNA-based genetic system preceded DNA, stem from the ability of RNA to store genetic information and to promote simple catalysis. However, to be a valid basis for the RNA world, RNA catalysis must demonstrate or be related to intrinsic chemical properties which could have existed in primordial times.
Denis Gravel, B. Franz Lang, Robert Cedergren   +2 more
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Transition State Stabilization by a Catalytic RNA

Science, 2002
The hairpin ribozyme catalyzes sequence-specific cleavage of RNA through transesterification of the scissile phosphate. Vanadate has previously been used as a transition state mimic of protein enzymes that catalyze the same reaction. Comparison of the 2.2 angstrom resolution structure of a vanadate–hairpin ribozyme complex with structures of precursor ...
Adrian R. Ferré-D'Amaré, Snorri Th. Sigurdsson, Archna P. Massey, Peter B. Rupert   +3 more
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The Catalytic Mechanism of DNA and RNA Polymerases

ACS Catalysis, 2018
DNA and RNA polymerases (Pols) catalyze nucleic acid biosynthesis in all domains of life, with implications for human diseases and health. Pols carry out nucleic acid extension through the addition of one incoming nucleotide trisphosphate at the 3′-OH terminus of the growing primer strand, at every catalytic cycle. Thus, Pol catalysis involves chemical
Vito Genna, Elisa Donati, Marco De Vivo
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In Vitro Selection of Catalytic RNA

1996
After the first examples of catalytic RNAs raised to prominence earlier proposals that RNA was a likely protagonist in the dawn of evolution, molecular biologists began to ask in earnest about the range of possible RNA activities. This question provided much of the impetus for the development of in vitro RNA selection (Ellington and Szostak 1990; Green
Kelly P. Williams, David P. Bartel
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Structure‐Selective Catalytic Alkylation of DNA and RNA

Angewandte Chemie, 2012
A variety of nucleic acids can be catalytically alkylated with rhodium-carbenoids generated from diazo compounds in aqueous buffer through an NH insertion process (see scheme; MES=2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid). The method specifically targets unpaired bases such as those present in single strands, turn regions, and overhangs while leaving double-
Tishinov, Kiril, Schmidt, Kristina, Häussinger, Daniel, Gillingham, Dennis   +3 more
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The efficiency and versatility of catalytic RNA: implications for an RNA world

Gene, 1993
Because RNA is chemically and structurally dissimilar from protein, the finding of catalytic activity in RNA was initially surprising. Quantitative measurements of reaction rates show that RNA can be as efficient a catalyst as protein. On the other hand, the potential versatility of RNA to catalyze diverse types of reactions has only begun to be ...
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