Results 41 to 50 of about 1,214 (139)

Environmental Factors Modulate Saxitoxins (STXs) Production in Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium: An Updated Review of STXs and Synthesis Gene Aspects

Toxins
The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium is known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) and produces saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives (STXs) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. Cell growth and cellular metabolism are affected by environmental conditions, including nutrients, temperature, light, and the salinity of aquatic systems ...
Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Biswajita Pradhan, Han-Sol Kim, Jang-Seu Ki   +3 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Development of an Electrochemical Biosensor for the Rapid Detection of Saxitoxin Based on Air Stable Lipid Films with Incorporated Anti‐STX Using Graphene Electrodes

Electroanalysis, 2016
AbstractA miniaturized potentiometric saxitoxin sensor on graphene nanosheets with incorporated lipid films and Anti‐STX, the natural saxitoxin receptor, immobilized on the stabilized lipid films is described in the present paper. An adequate selectivity for detection over a wide range of toxin concentrations, fast response time of ca.
Bratakou, S., Nikoleli, G.-P., Siontorou, C.G., Nikolelis, D.P., Karapetis, S., Tzamtzis, N.   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Grazer‐induced bioluminescence and toxicity in marine dinoflagellates

Limnology and Oceanography, Volume 70, Issue 12, Page 3769-3783, December 2025.
Abstract Marine copepods are the most abundant multicellular zooplankton in the global oceans. They imprint their surrounding waters with a unique bouquet of chemical compounds, including polar lipids such as copepodamides. Prey organisms can detect copepodamides and respond by inducing defensive traits including bioluminescence, toxin production ...
Paula Gonzalo‐Valmala, Milad Pourdanandeh, Sandra Lage, Erik Selander   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Comparative paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in three important Aotearoa New Zealand marine invertebrate species: kina (Evechinus chloroticus), pāua (Haliotis iris) and hohehohe (Panopea zelandica)

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Volume 59, Issue 5, Page 1252-1264, December 2025.
ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential for paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) accumulation in three of Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) taonga seafood species: kina (urchin; Evechinus chloroticus), pāua (abalone; Haliotis iris) and hohehohe (geoduck; Panopea zelandica) in laboratory exposures to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum.
Hannah Greenhough, Anne Rolton, Kirsty F. Smith, Laura Biessy, Andrew I. Selwood   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Foodborne Hazards and Novel Technologies in Ready‐to‐Eat Crustaceans

Food Frontiers, Volume 6, Issue 6, Page 2647-2672, November 2025.
Biological hazards, including Listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, Salmonella, and Vibrio spp., and chemical hazards, including heavy metals, biotoxins, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, are of great concern regarding crustaceans and their consumption.
Dongli Dong, Selene Pedrós‐Garrido, Daniel Hurley, James Lyng   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Oceanography and Pacific Oyster Biochemical Composition in a Novel Oyster‐Growing Region

Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2025.
ABSTRACT The farming of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea [Magallana] gigas) is a rapidly growing industry in Alaska, where farms represent some of the highest latitude oyster cultivation efforts in the world. Little is known about the nearshore oceanography where Alaskan farms are located, or how the subarctic marine context influences oyster tissue ...
Rebecca Cates, Juliana Cornett, Courtney Hart, Cody Pinger, John Harley, Kate Laboda, Kelly Koehler, Muriel Dittrich, Jordan Hollarsmith   +8 more
wiley   +1 more source

Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Toxins, 2014
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are non-protein neurotoxins produced by saltwater dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 (in viable and non-viable forms) to remove PSTs (saxitoxin (STX)
Mari Vasama, Himanshu Kumar, Seppo Salminen, Carolyn A. Haskard   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Stability of Saxitoxin in 50% Methanol Fecal Extracts and Raw Feces from Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus)

Marine Drugs, 2022
In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) producing paralytic shellfish toxins (including saxitoxin, STX) have become increasingly frequent in the marine waters of Alaska, USA, subjecting Pacific Arctic and subarctic communities and wildlife to ...
Emily K. Bowers, Raphaela Stimmelmayr, Alicia Hendrix, Kathi A. Lefebvre   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

An ecological framework for microbial metabolites in the ocean ecosystem

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Volume 10, Issue 5, Page 636-659, September 2025.
Abstract The ocean microbe‐metabolite network involves thousands of individual metabolites that encompass a breadth of chemical diversity and biological functions. These microbial metabolites mediate biogeochemical cycles, facilitate ecological relationships, and impact ecosystem health. While analytical advancements have begun to illuminate such roles,
Bryndan P. Durham, Winifred M. Johnson, Catherine C. Bannon, Erin M. Bertrand, Anitra E. Ingalls, Bethanie R. Edwards, Amy Apprill, Angela K. Boysen, Randelle M. Bundy, Huan Chen, Frank X. Ferrer‐González, Cara Fiore, Katherine R. Heal, Constanze Kuhlisch, Shuting Liu, Kaijun Lu, Laurel E. Meke, Sammy Pontrelli, Prabavathy Vaiyapuri Ramalingam, Alicia M. Reigel, Joshua S. Sacks, Jeremy E. Schreier, Jegan Sekar, Mario Uchimiya, Elizabeth B. Kujawinski   +24 more
wiley   +1 more source

Saxitoxin time–resolved absorption and resonance FT–IR and Raman biospectroscopy and density functional theory investigation of vibronic–mode coupling structure in vibrational spectra analysis

American Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2019
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best–known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST). Ingestion of Saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as paralytic ...
Alireza Heidari, Jennifer Esposito, Angela Caissutti   +2 more
doaj