Salinity Affects Saxitoxins (STXs) Toxicity in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum, with Low Transcription of SXT-Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG [PDF]
Toxins, 2021 Salinity is an important factor for regulating metabolic processes in aquatic organisms; however, its effects on toxicity and STX biosynthesis gene responses in dinoflagellates require further elucidation. Herein, we evaluated the physiological responses, toxin production, and expression levels of two STX synthesis core genes, sxtA4 and sxtG, in the ...
Quynh Thi Nhu Bui +3 more
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Origin of saxitoxin biosynthetic genes in cyanobacteria. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2009 BACKGROUND:Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a potentially fatal syndrome associated with the consumption of shellfish that have accumulated saxitoxin (STX). STX is produced by microscopic marine dinoflagellate algae.
Ahmed Moustafa +5 more
doaj +1 more source
Transcriptional responses of Mytilus chilensis exposed in vivo to saxitoxin (STX) [PDF]
Journal of Molluscan Studies, 2013 Saxitoxin (STX) is one of the main phycotoxins that contribute to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). This toxin is mainly produced by marine microalgae of the genus Alexandrium. There is evidence of changes at the physiological level in bivalves exposed to STX, although transcriptional responses to STX in bivalves have not yet been studied.
Núñez-Azuña, G. +4 more
openaire +7 more sources
Long term exposure of saxitoxin induced cognitive deficits and YAP1 cytoplasmic retention
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2023 While most studies assessed the acute toxicity of saxitoxin (STX), fewer studies focus on the long-term degenerative effects of STX on the central nervous system.
Shenpan Li +10 more
doaj +1 more source
Effects ofSaxitoxin (STX) and Veratridine on BacterialNa + -K + Fluxes: a Prokaryote-BasedSTXBioassay [PDF]
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003 ABSTRACT Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent natural sodium channel blocker and represents a significant health concern worldwide. We describe here the antagonistic effects of STX and veratridine (VTD), an Na + channel activator, on three gram-negative bacteria and their application to an STX bioassay. STX reduced
F. Pomati +3 more
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Risks for public health related to the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and TTX analogues in marine bivalves and gastropods [PDF]
, 2017 Peer reviewedPublisher ...
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
core +4 more sources
Sensors, 2021 Saxitoxin (STX) belongs to the family of marine biological toxins, which are major contaminants in seafood. The reference methods for STX detection are mouse bioassay and chromatographic analysis, which are time-consuming, high costs, and requirement of ...
Najeeb Ullah +6 more
doaj +1 more source
4-Aminopyridine Reverses Saxitoxin (STX)- and Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-Induced Cardiorespiratory Depression in Chronically Instrumented Guinea Pigs [PDF]
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1997 The extent to which cardiorespiratory infirmity and other sublethal effects of saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) can be reversed by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was investigated in guinea pigs chronically instrumented for the concurrent electrophysiological recordings of electrocorticogram (ECoG), diaphragmatic electromyogram (DEMG), Lead II ...
F C, Chang +4 more
openaire +2 more sources
Marine Drugs, 2021 Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability.
Floriane Boullot +5 more
doaj +1 more source
Accumulation and elimination dynamics of the hydroxybenzoate saxitoxin analogues in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the toxic marine Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum [PDF]
, 2018 Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a severe food-borne illness, caused by the ingestion of seafood containing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which are naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and accumulate in shellfish during algae blooms ...
Braga, Ana +2 more
core +1 more source