Results 11 to 20 of about 7,557 (161)

Definition of a saxitoxin (STX) binding code enables discovery and characterization of the anuran saxiphilin family [PDF]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022
Abstract American bullfrog (Rana castesbeiana) saxiphilin (RcSxph) is a high-affinity ‘toxin sponge’ protein thought to prevent intoxication by saxitoxin (STX), a lethal bis-guanidinium neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). How specific RcSxph interactions contribute
Aurora Alvarez-Buylla, Justin du Bois, Lauren A O'Connell   +2 more
exaly   +8 more sources

Saxitoxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its History, Structure, Toxicology, Biosynthesis, Detection, and Preventive Implications [PDF]

Marine Drugs
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates and freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria, and is a member of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs).
Wang Lianghua, Hu Zhu, Mingjuan Sun
exaly   +4 more sources

Structural basis for saxitoxin congener binding and neutralization by anuran saxiphilins [PDF]

Nature Communications
Dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria produce saxitoxin (STX) and ~50 congeners that disrupt bioelectrical signals by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). Consuming seafood carrying these toxins causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP).
Sandra Zakrzewska, Samantha A. Nixon, Zhou Chen, Holly S. Hajare, Elizabeth R. Park, John V. Mulcahy, Kandis M. Arlinghaus, Eduard Neu, Kirill Konovalov, Davide Provasi, Tod A. Leighfield, Marta Filizola, J. Du Bois, Daniel L. Minor   +13 more
doaj   +3 more sources

Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs

Marine Drugs, 2010
Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and are mostly associated with marine ...
Brett Anthony Neilan, Michelle Moffitt, Maria Wiese   +2 more
exaly   +4 more sources

Origin of saxitoxin biosynthetic genes in cyanobacteria. [PDF]

PLoS ONE, 2009
BACKGROUND:Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a potentially fatal syndrome associated with the consumption of shellfish that have accumulated saxitoxin (STX). STX is produced by microscopic marine dinoflagellate algae.
Ahmed Moustafa, Jeannette E Loram, Jeremiah D Hackett, Donald M Anderson, F Gerald Plumley, Debashish Bhattacharya   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Development of an Automated Cell-Based Assay for the Detection of the Functional Activity of Saxitoxin [PDF]

Toxins
Saxitoxin (STX) is one of the most potent natural neurotoxins known and is the only marine toxin to be declared a chemical weapon. In both marine and freshwater systems filter feeding organisms can accumulate saxitoxin and human consumption of toxin ...
Rachel Whiting, Isobel Picken, Grace Howells, A. Christopher Green, Chris Elliott, Graeme C. Clark   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Behavioral alterations induced by repeated saxitoxin exposure in drinking water [PDF]

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 2016
Background Blooms of the saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii have been contaminating drinking water reservoirs in Brazil for many years.
Felipe Diehl, Patricia Baptista Ramos, Juliane Marques dos Santos, Daniela Martí Barros, João Sarkis Yunes   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Saxiphilin functions as a toxin sponge protein that counteracts the effects of saxitoxin poisoning [PDF]

Nature Communications
Saxitoxin (STX) is among the most potent toxins known, is classified as a chemical weapon, and is the archetype of the paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) family produced by marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms (HAB).
Samantha A. Nixon, Sandra Zakrzewska, Seil Jang, Keli Huang, Anissa Bara, Zhou Chen, Daynen R. Goss, Elizabeth R. Park, J. Du Bois, Daniel L. Minor   +9 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Growth and Saxitoxin Production by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) Correlate with Water Hardness

Marine Drugs, 2013
The cosmopolitan and increasing distribution of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii can be attributed to its ecophysiological plasticity and tolerance to changing environmental factors in water bodies.
Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira e Azevedo, Ana Beatriz Furlanetto Pacheco, Ronaldo Leal Carneiro   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Prevalence, Variability and Bioconcentration of Saxitoxin-Group in Different Marine Species Present in the Food Chain

Toxins, 2017
The saxitoxin-group (STX-group) corresponds to toxic metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Pyrodinium.
Javiera Oyaneder Terrazas, Héctor R. Contreras, Carlos García   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources