Results 1 to 10 of about 2,725 (182)

Definition of a saxitoxin (STX) binding code enables discovery and characterization of the anuran saxiphilin family. [PDF]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022
AbstractAmerican bullfrog (Rana castesbeiana) saxiphilin (RcSxph) is a high-affinity ‘toxin sponge’ protein thought to prevent intoxication by saxitoxin (STX), a lethal bis-guanidinium neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs).
Chen Z, Zakrzewska S, Hajare HS, Alvarez-Buylla A, Abderemane-Ali F, Bogan M, Ramirez D, O'Connell LA, Du Bois J, Minor DL.   +9 more
europepmc   +7 more sources

Nutrient-driven regulation of saxitoxin gene expression and toxin production in Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria). [PDF]

J Phycol
Abstract Raphidiopsis raciborskii is a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, globally distributed in aquatic environments and known for forming toxic blooms, thereby affecting ecosystem services. South American strains are producers of saxitoxins, potent neurotoxins harmful to humans and animals.
Zare M, Barçante B, Pimentel JDSM, Giani A.   +3 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Saxitoxin linked to deaths of northern fur seals in the Southeast Bering Sea. [PDF]

Mar Mamm Sci
ABSTRACT In August 2024, a northern fur seal mortality event was observed on St. Paul Island, AK in the southeast (SE) Bering Sea. Ten seals in good body condition were found dead along with large accumulations of dead fish on Benson Beach located on St. Paul Island.
Lefebvre KA, Campbell CM, Divine LM, Melovidov P, Hellen H, Huntington KB, Bowers EK, Rouse N, Fachon E, Farrugia TJ, Pickart RS, Lin P, Lago L, Bahr F, Furst E, Duncan CG, Charapata P, Anderson DM, Kurtay G.   +18 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Saxitoxin Research: The Next Frontier for Understanding Marine Dinoflagellate Toxin Biosynthesis and Evolution [PDF]

Toxins
Saxitoxin (STX) is one of the most potent marine neurotoxins, produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. Although omics-based approaches have advanced our understanding of STX biosynthesis in recent decades, the ...
Buhari Lawan Muhammad, Han-Sol Kim, Ibrahim Aliyu, Harisu Abdullahi Shehu, Jang-Seu Ki   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Macrocycles of Saxitoxin: Insights into the Structure of Zetekitoxin AB. [PDF]

Chembiochem
Synthetic macrocycles of (+)‐saxitoxin, the causative agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, have been prepared. These are designed to mimic the macrocyclic core of the proposed structure for zetekitoxin AB. Interestingly, these synthetic macrocycles do not form the C12 hydrate as commonly observed in this family of toxins, casting doubt on the ...
Li W, Paladugu SR, Liles JP, Karthikeyan M, Chase K, Raghuraman S, Sigman MS, Looper RE.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Saxitoxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its History, Structure, Toxicology, Biosynthesis, Detection, and Preventive Implications [PDF]

Marine Drugs
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates and freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria, and is a member of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs).
Huiyun Deng, Xinrui Shang, Hu Zhu, Ning Huang, Lianghua Wang, Mingjuan Sun   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Structural basis for saxitoxin congener binding and neutralization by anuran saxiphilins [PDF]

Nature Communications
Dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria produce saxitoxin (STX) and ~50 congeners that disrupt bioelectrical signals by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). Consuming seafood carrying these toxins causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP).
Sandra Zakrzewska, Samantha A. Nixon, Zhou Chen, Holly S. Hajare, Elizabeth R. Park, John V. Mulcahy, Kandis M. Arlinghaus, Eduard Neu, Kirill Konovalov, Davide Provasi, Tod A. Leighfield, Marta Filizola, J. Du Bois, Daniel L. Minor   +13 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Rapid Detection of Saxitoxin Using a Nucleic Acid Aptamer Biosensor Based on Graphene Oxide as a Fluorescence Quencher [PDF]

Toxins
Saxitoxin (STX) is a toxin with paralyzing and lethal properties, necessitating the development of a simple analytical method. This study developed a nucleic acid aptamer biosensor using graphene oxide (GO) as a fluorescence quencher for STX detection ...
Yi Jiao, Liqing Yang, Junping Hao, Yuhang Wen, Jianhua Wang, Hengchao E, Zhiyong Zhao, Yufeng Chen, Xianli Yang   +8 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Development of a Quick and Highly Sensitive Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay for Detection of Saxitoxin in Shellfish [PDF]

Toxins
Saxitoxin (STX), an exceptionally potent marine toxin for which no antidote is currently available, is produced by methanogens and cyanobacteria. This poses a significant threat to both shellfish aquaculture and human health.
Chenhao Zhao, Zhi Zhang, Jiayu Li, Yaofan Lu, Fuyuan Ma, Zheng Wang, Jiaxin Geng, Biao Huang, Yuan Qin   +8 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Transcriptomic insights into polyketides and toxin biosynthesis genes in freshwater dinoflagellates [PDF]

Scientific Reports
Freshwater dinoflagellates are typically considered non-toxic, and their polyketides and toxin biosynthesis genes are largely unexplored. Here, we generated and analyzed the transcriptome of freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus and compared it ...
Buhari Lawan Muhammad, Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Han-Sol Kim, Jang-Seu Ki   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources