Results 51 to 60 of about 1,214 (139)

Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs

Marine Drugs, 2010
Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and are mostly associated with marine ...
Troco K. Mihali, Michelle C. Moffitt, Brett A. Neilan, Maria Wiese, Paul M. D’Agostino   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Sub-Acute Feeding Study of Saxitoxin to Mice Confirms the Effectiveness of Current Regulatory Limits for Paralytic Shellfish Toxins

Toxins, 2021
Regulatory limits for shellfish toxins are required to protect human health. Often these limits are set using only acute toxicity data, which is significant, as in some communities, shellfish makes up a large proportion of their daily diet and can be ...
Sarah C. Finch, Nicola G. Webb, Michael J. Boundy, D. Tim Harwood, John S. Munday, Jan M. Sprosen, Vanessa M. Cave, Ric B. Broadhurst, Jeane Nicolas   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Die Chemie und Biologie der Tetrodotoxin Naturstofffamilie

Angewandte Chemie, Volume 137, Issue 35, August 25, 2025.
Tetrodotoxin ist vor allem als das Gift des Kugelfisches bekannt, einer Delikatesse in der japanischen Küche. Seine Toxizität beruht auf der selektiven Blockade von NaV Kanälen, wie am Beispiel der NaV1.7 Pore dargestellt, wobei das DEKA Motiv hervorgehoben ist, das für die Durchlässigkeit von Natriumionen verantwortlich ist.
Benedikt Nißl, Marcel Mülbaier, Francesca Grisoni, Dirk Trauner, Marcel Bermúdez, Clemens Dialer, David B. Konrad   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Copepod Prey Selection and Grazing Efficiency Mediated by Chemical and Morphological Defensive Traits of Cyanobacteria

Toxins, 2020
Phytoplankton anti-grazer traits control zooplankton grazing and are associated with harmful blooms. Yet, how morphological versus chemical phytoplankton defenses regulate zooplankton grazing is poorly understood. We compared zooplankton grazing and prey
Luciana M. Rangel, Lúcia H. S. Silva, Elisabeth J. Faassen, Miquel Lürling, Kemal Ali Ger   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

The Chemistry and Biology of the Tetrodotoxin Natural Product Family

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Volume 64, Issue 35, August 25, 2025.
Tetrodotoxin is best known as the poison of the pufferfish, which is a delicacy in Japanese cuisine. Its toxicity arises from the selective blockage of NaV channels, which is depicted for the NaV1.7 pore, highlighting the DEKA motif, which permeates sodium ions.
Benedikt Nißl, Marcel Mülbaier, Francesca Grisoni, Dirk Trauner, Marcel Bermúdez, Clemens Dialer, David B. Konrad   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Acute Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin and Tetrodotoxin–Saxitoxin Mixtures to Mice by Various Routes of Administration

Toxins, 2018
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin associated with human poisonings through the consumption of pufferfish. More recently, TTX has been identified in bivalve molluscs from diverse geographical environments, including Europe, and is therefore ...
Sarah C. Finch, Michael J. Boundy, D. Tim Harwood   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Phylogenomic and Pangenomic Assessment of a Mediterranean Strain of Raphidiopsis raciborskii Extends Knowledge of the Global Distribution and Characteristics of a Potentially Toxigenic Cyanobacterium

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Volume 17, Issue 3, June 2025.
The potentially toxigenic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii has spread to temperate regions and produces massive blooms. This study reports the first taxonomic and functional metagenomic assessment of a strain from the Mediterranean, thus filling a significant gap in global distribution.
Nico Salmaso, Leonardo Cerasino, Margherita Di Brizio, Massimo Pindo, Adriano Boscaini   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Docking Simulation of the Binding Interactions of Saxitoxin Analogs Produced by the Marine Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum to the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Nav1.4

Toxins, 2016
Saxitoxin (STX) and its analogs are paralytic alkaloid neurotoxins that block the voltage-gated sodium channel pore (Nav), impeding passage of Na+ ions into the intracellular space, and thereby preventing the action potential in the peripheral nervous ...
Lorena M. Durán-Riveroll, Allan D. Cembella, Christine J. Band-Schmidt, José J. Bustillos-Guzmán, José Correa-Basurto   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Tracking a large‐scale and highly toxic Arctic algal bloom: Rapid detection and risk communication

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 62-72, February 2025.
Abstract In recent years, blooms of the neurotoxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella have been documented in Pacific Arctic waters, and the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) that this species produces have been detected throughout the food web. These observations have raised significant concerns about the role that harmful algal blooms (HABs) will ...
Evangeline Fachon, Robert S. Pickart, Gay Sheffield, Emma Pate, Mrunmayee Pathare, Michael L. Brosnahan, Eric Muhlbach, Kali Horn, Nathaniel N. Spada, Anushka Rajagopalan, Peigen Lin, Leah T. McRaven, Loreley S. Lago, Jie Huang, Frank Bahr, Dean A. Stockwell, Katherine A. Hubbard, Thomas J. Farrugia, Kathi A. Lefebvre, Donald M. Anderson   +19 more
wiley   +1 more source

An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast.

PLoS ONE, 2021
Despite a long-documented history of severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) in New England coastal waters, corresponding HAB-associated marine mammal mortality events in this region are far less frequent or severe relative to other regions where HABs are ...
Spencer E Fire, Andrea Bogomolni, Robert A DiGiovanni, Greg Early, Tod A Leighfield, Keith Matassa, Glenn A Miller, Kathleen M T Moore, Michael Moore, Misty Niemeyer, Katie Pugliares, Zhihong Wang, Frederick W Wenzel   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source