Results 241 to 250 of about 208,784 (304)
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Clinics in Dermatology, 1996
U ntil the late 19th century, the only man-made surfactant was soap. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids or similar products formed by the saponification or neutralization of fats or oils with organic or inorganic bases. Soaps are less useful, however, in hard water, which is high in content of multivalent ions, such as calcium and ...
Effendy, Isaak, Maibach, Howard I.
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U ntil the late 19th century, the only man-made surfactant was soap. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids or similar products formed by the saponification or neutralization of fats or oils with organic or inorganic bases. Soaps are less useful, however, in hard water, which is high in content of multivalent ions, such as calcium and ...
Effendy, Isaak, Maibach, Howard I.
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Skin irritancy from nonanoic acid
Contact Dermatitis, 1985100 hospitalized patients with skin disease were patch tested with graded dilutions of nonanoic acid (NON), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and benzalkonium chloride (BENZ), Smooth dose‐response curves were obtained. The concentration needed to produce a discernible irritant reaction in 50% of the population (ID50) was found to be lower in cases of ...
J E, Wahlberg +2 more
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Skin reactions to primary irritants*
Contact Dermatitis, 1981250 patients with dermatitis, and two groups of 70 and 30 healthy subjects were tested for their reactions to irritants following the procedures of Bjornberg. The same group of irritants was used. Although the test subjects were working in different conditions and the methods for evaluating the results were slightly different.
I, Czerwinska-Dihm, E, Rudzki
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Tendency to irritation: Sensitive skin
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1989The plausibility of the concept of "sensitive skin" evokes discussion and often amusement, because of the variance of the number of opinions compared with the amount of data, at least until recently. This report presents recent biologically oriented data that suggest that sensitive skin is a reality and is assessable with the use of contemporary ...
H I, Maibach +3 more
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Interspecies comparisons of skin irritancy
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1975Abstract In a series of patch testing experiments, 24 familiar household materials or industrial chemicals were applied to intact and abraded skin of rabbits, guinea pigs, and humans for four hours. Skin responses were graded 4, 24, and 48 hr after application of the patches.
G A, Nixon, C A, Tyson, W C, Wertz
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Some Naturrally Occurring Skin Irritants
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 1975Abstract: Thirteen esters were isolated from the fresh latex of four species of the genus Euphorbia. Structures were elucidated by infra‐red, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass‐spectroscopy, together with circular dichroism spectroscopy, of the esters and their derivatives or hydrolysis products.
F J, Evans, A D, Kinghorn, R J, Schmidt
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The modulation of skin irritation
Contact Dermatitis, 1994Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a multifactorial disease, the onset and modulation of which depend on both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the former, age, race, site, sex and history of dermatitis may all be important. Such variables can now readily be quantified by objective noninvasive techniques, such as measurement of transepidermal ...
E, Berardesca, F, Distante
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Skin irritant reactivity following experimental cumulative irritant contact dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis, 1994Despite the frequency of irritant contact dermatitis, very little is known about the duration of barrier function impairment following cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. We studied post‐irritation irritant reactivity by assessing the response to SLS irritation in previously irritated sites. Cumulative irritant contact dermatitis was induced on the
J, Widmer, P, Elsner, G, Burg
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A Strategy for Skin Irritation Testing
American Journal of Contact Dermatitis, 2002Skin irritation safety testing and risk assessment for new products, and the ingredients they contain, is a critical requirement before market introduction. In the past, much of this skin testing required the use of experimental animals. However, new current best approaches for skin corrosion and skin irritation testing and risk assessment are being ...
Michael K, Robinson, Mary A, Perkins
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Irritant skin reactions to urostomal adhesives
Urological Research, 1982The skin irritation evoked by urostomal adhesives with three different types of adhesive material was investigated. The 74 test subjects had previously not been using stomal appliances. A standard patch test was performed on normal skin of the back for 48 h, and readings were made 1 and 24 h later.
B, Bergman, G B, Löwhagen, H, Mobacken
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