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Knowledge, practices and barriers to sun protection among farmers in Bagua Grande (Peru): a mixed-methods study. [PDF]
BMC Public HealthSantisteban Salazar NC +2 more
europepmc +1 more source
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Beyond sun protection factor testing
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2004SynopsisUltraviolet radiation in sunlight produces a range of acute and chronic adverse effects on the skin including sunburn, photosensitivity rashes, immunosuppression, photoageing and carcinogenesis. Sunscreens aim to provide protection, but standard testing procedures primarily involve assessment of ability to protect against acute erythema, as ...
Rhodes, Lesley +2 more
openaire +3 more sources
Sun protection factors: world wide confusion
British Journal of Dermatology, 2009The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Unfortunately it is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effect on SPF when less sunscreen is applied and if sunscreen ...
U, Osterwalder, B, Herzog
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Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004
The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
L, Zastrow +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
L, Zastrow +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Lip Sun Protection Factor of a Lipstick Sunscreen
Dermatology, 2001<i>Background and Objective: </i>There is a well-documented need for effective human UVA and UVB photoprotection. Since there are important anatomical variations, the sun protection factor (SPF) of a lipstick sunscreen was measured on the anatomical site intended for use. <i>Methods: </i>The SPF tests were performed according to
B, Gabard, J, Ademola
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International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1985
SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
openaire +2 more sources
SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
openaire +2 more sources