Results 251 to 260 of about 733,717 (302)
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International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1985
SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
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SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
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Determination of sun protection factors in the hairless mouse
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1981SynopsisA laboratory method for determining sun protection factors (SPF) in the hairless mouse has been developed. The ability of the method to predict the SPF in man has been investigated using sunscreen ingredients and finished products with known activities in man. The results indicate that the hairless mouse can be used to assess sunscreen products
C N, James, J D, Middleton
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Sun protection factors: world wide confusion
British Journal of Dermatology, 2009The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Unfortunately it is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effect on SPF when less sunscreen is applied and if sunscreen ...
U, Osterwalder, B, Herzog
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Sun Protection by Beach Umbrella vs Sunscreen With a High Sun Protection Factor
JAMA Dermatology, 2017Sun-protective behavior affects skin cancer prevention. Shade works by physically shielding skin from direct harmful UV rays; however, skin may still remain exposed to reflected and indirect UV rays. There is no current standard metric to evaluate shade for its effectiveness in sun protection, and there is insufficient clinical evidence that a beach ...
Hao, Ou-Yang +5 more
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Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004
The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
L, Zastrow +3 more
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The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
L, Zastrow +3 more
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Review on Sunscreens and Sun Protection factor
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, 2015Sunscreens are widely used for protection against the harmful radiations from sun. This review sums up the basics of sun radiation, types of sunscreens and sun protection factors.
T. Muthumani +2 more
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The Reliability of Sun Protection Factor
1991The current test procedure for determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen preparations (Federal Register 1978), which is based on the mean SPF of a test group, leads to an inevitable bias, since the result largely depends on the dose increments and the range of irradiation doses selected for determination of the minimal erythema dose
E. Azizi +3 more
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Children’s sun exposure and sun protection: Prevalence in Australia and related parental factors
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2012Reducing childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation is important to minimize lifetime skin cancer risk.We sought to describe the prevalence of children's sun-related behaviors and associated parental and other factors.In weekly cross-sectional telephone interviews during summer, 1140 parents/guardians of children aged 0 to 11 years were recruited ...
Dobbinson, Suzanne +10 more
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Method for the accurate determination of the
International ...
Josse, G., Gravier, E., Douki, Thierry
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Comparison of UVA protection afforded by high sun protection factor sunscreens
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2000UVA protection afforded by 6 different sunscreens with a sun protection factor of 21 or more was compared by means of the persistent pigmentation darkening method. Colorimetric and visual assessment showed significant differences in UV radiation-induced pigmentation at 2 hours.
R, Bissonnette +3 more
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