Results 251 to 260 of about 80,165 (303)
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Review on Sunscreens and Sun Protection factor
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, 2015Sunscreens are widely used for protection against the harmful radiations from sun. This review sums up the basics of sun radiation, types of sunscreens and sun protection factors.
T. Mukhopadhyay +2 more
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In vitro approaches to evaluation of Sun Protection Factor
Toxicology in Vitro, 2007The efficacy of sunscreen products has been recognized as an important public health issue. Adequate methods for assessment of the level of protection should be developed and standardised. While the SPF COLIPA testing method in vivo has been used for years, preference should be given to in vitro testing methods as in vivo methods raise ethical concern.
L. Kubáč +8 more
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Lip Sun Protection Factor of a Lipstick Sunscreen
Dermatology, 2001<i>Background and Objective: </i>There is a well-documented need for effective human UVA and UVB photoprotection. Since there are important anatomical variations, the sun protection factor (SPF) of a lipstick sunscreen was measured on the anatomical site intended for use. <i>Methods: </i>The SPF tests were performed according to
John Ademola, Bernard Gabard
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The perplexing dilemma of measuring sun protection factors
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2017AbstractTruth, like knowledge, is surprisingly difficult to define. Indeed, every definition of truth that philosophers have developed falls prey to the question, ‘Is it true?’ In this essay, we consider what is the true SPF of a sunscreen product and whether it can ever be realizable.
M. Pissavini, B. Diffey, O. Doucet
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Determination of sun protection factors in the hairless mouse
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1981SynopsisA laboratory method for determining sun protection factors (SPF) in the hairless mouse has been developed. The ability of the method to predict the SPF in man has been investigated using sunscreen ingredients and finished products with known activities in man. The results indicate that the hairless mouse can be used to assess sunscreen products
C. N. James, J. D. Middleton
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Method for the accurate determination of the
International ...
Josse, G., Gravier, E., Douki, Thierry
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International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1985
SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
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SynopsisThe absorption of ultraviolet light by a film of sunscreen product on the surface of the skin is considered from a theoretical standpoint. It is apparent that Beer‐Lambert's Law would predict protection factors in excess of the actual factors by many orders of magnitude.
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Sun protection factors: world wide confusion
British Journal of Dermatology, 2009The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Unfortunately it is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effect on SPF when less sunscreen is applied and if sunscreen ...
U. Osterwalder, B. Herzog
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Durability of the sun protection factor provided by dihydroxyacetone
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 2004Background/Purpose: The sunless tanning agent dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is known to protect against longwave ultraviolet radiation (UVA) and visible light. Recently, our laboratory has shown that DHA in addition offers a modest sun protection factor (SPF) in humans. We conducted this study in order to investigate the durability of the SPF provided by DHA.
Annesofie Faurschou, Hans Christian Wulf
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Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2004
The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
Louis Ferrero +3 more
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The present work uses the initial step of the whole cascade of biological effects in the skin, the creation of free radicals by means of UVA/UVB radiation, to develop a total sun protection factor. Until now, existing in vivo indices have not been fully satisfying: SPF only reflects protection from UVB light, and persistent pigment darkening is ...
Louis Ferrero +3 more
openaire +3 more sources