Results 261 to 270 of about 80,165 (303)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
The Reliability of Sun Protection Factor
1991The current test procedure for determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen preparations (Federal Register 1978), which is based on the mean SPF of a test group, leads to an inevitable bias, since the result largely depends on the dose increments and the range of irradiation doses selected for determination of the minimal erythema dose
M. Schewach Millet +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Children’s sun exposure and sun protection: Prevalence in Australia and related parental factors
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2012Reducing childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation is important to minimize lifetime skin cancer risk.We sought to describe the prevalence of children's sun-related behaviors and associated parental and other factors.In weekly cross-sectional telephone interviews during summer, 1140 parents/guardians of children aged 0 to 11 years were recruited ...
Dobbinson, Suzanne +10 more
openaire +5 more sources
Clothing reduces the sun protection factor of sunscreens
British Journal of Dermatology, 2009Individuals are recommended to wait for 20 min following sunscreen application before dressing. However, this is probably seldom done in daily life, and therefore we investigated how dressing earlier than 20 min after application affected the sun protection factor (SPF).To determine the SPF of a sunscreen applied at different amounts at 4, 8 and 20 min
Beyer, Ditte Maria +3 more
openaire +4 more sources
Sunscreen Application and Its Importance for the Sun Protection Factor
Archives of Dermatology, 1985To achieve a good sun protection, a layer thickness of 2 mg/sq cm is often recommended. Fifty individuals were asked to apply five different sunscreens ad libitum. Ten percent dihydroxyacetone was added to the sunscreens in order to make them fluoresce when irradiated with Wood's light.
Catharina Stenberg, Olle Larkö
openaire +3 more sources
The sun-protection factors of wet and dry T-shirts
The Physics Teacher, 1998The sunburn protection factors (SPF) of dry and wet samples of two white T-shirt materials were experimentally determined by measuring the spectral transmission of solar radiation through the materials. The dry and wet SPF’s were, respectively: 15 and 5 for 100% cotton, and 19 and 17 for 35% cotton/65% polyester.
Richard A. Bartels, Fred Loxsom
openaire +2 more sources
Comparison of UVA protection afforded by high sun protection factor sunscreens
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2000UVA protection afforded by 6 different sunscreens with a sun protection factor of 21 or more was compared by means of the persistent pigmentation darkening method. Colorimetric and visual assessment showed significant differences in UV radiation-induced pigmentation at 2 hours.
Nathalie Provost +3 more
openaire +3 more sources
Sun Protection Factors: Regulatory Issues and Methods of Determination
Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 1985AbstractClinical procedures to quantify sunscreen efficacy have been formally developed by government or private standards organizations in the United States, Germany, and Australia. The background of these standards is reviewed. Their chief provisions, including major areas of difference, are described.
Joseph J. P. Morton, Emalee G. Murphy
openaire +2 more sources
The Garment Protection Factor: further advances in labelling sun-protective clothing
British Journal of Dermatology, 2018Abstract Linked Article: Downs and Harrison. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:958–964.
openaire +3 more sources
Up Date on Sun Protection Factor
2012The sun protection factor (SPF) refers to the level of protection of a sunscreen against UV rays and is expressed, according to the COLIPA recommendation as a numerical value, and in terms of low, medium, high, and very high protection as well. For the determination of SPF exist methods in vivo (on volunteers) and in vitro (laboratory tests on ...
CENTINI, MARISANNA +5 more
openaire +2 more sources
In vitro Sun Protection Factor: Still a Challenge with No Final Answer
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2010In the past, several attempts have been made to develop in vitro methods for determining protection against UV radiation. To date however, there is no broadly accepted method. Various known and unknown parameters influence the transmission measurements of scattering films, such as the multifaceted compositions of sunscreens, the technical limitations ...
K. Jenni +19 more
openaire +3 more sources