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Theoretical Population Biology, 2002 Viruses vastly outnumber their host cells and must present a huge selective pressure. It is also becoming evident that only a small percent of the eukaryotic genome codes for molecules involved in cellular structures and functions, and that much of the remainder may have a viral origin.
Bamford, D, Burnett, R, Stuart, D
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Widespread and dynamic expression of granzyme C by skin-resident antiviral T cells
Frontiers in Immunology, 2023 After recognition of cognate antigen (Ag), effector CD8+ T cells secrete serine proteases called granzymes in conjunction with perforin, allowing granzymes to enter and kill target cells.
Ramon A. Lujan +6 more
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Stability-mediated epistasis constrains the evolution of an influenza protein. [PDF]
, 2013 John Maynard Smith compared protein evolution to the game where one word is converted into another a single letter at a time, with the constraint that all intermediates are words: WORD→WORE→GORE→GONE→GENE. In this analogy, epistasis constrains evolution,
Bloom, Jesse D +2 more
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Viral evolution and transmission effectiveness
World Journal of Virology, 2012 Different viruses transmit among hosts with different degrees of efficiency. A basic reproductive number (R0) indicates an average number of cases getting infected from a single infected case. R0 can vary widely from a little over 1 to more than 10. Low R0 is usually found among rapidly evolving viruses that are often under a strong positive selection ...
Patsarin, Rodpothong +1 more
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An adjusted ELISpot-based immunoassay for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses
Biosafety and Health, 2022 Like antibody evaluation, using an effective antigen-specific T-cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persistence, prognosis assessment, and ...
Hao Lin +7 more
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Nucleotide bias of DCL and AGO in plant anti-virus gene silencing [PDF]
, 2010 Plant Dicer-like (DCL) and Argonaute (AGO) are the key enzymes involved in anti-virus post-transcriptional gene silencing (AV-PTGS). Here we show that AV-PTGS exhibited nucleotide preference by calculating a relative AV-PTGS efficiency on processing ...
Dalmay, Tamas +8 more
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, 2013 Viruses are ideal objects for studying evolutionary processes because of their short generation time, high numbers of offspring that they produce during infection and not least because of their simple structure. Viruses must continuously adapt to the conditions of their host or their host populations, so selection mechanisms are accessible to ...
Modrow, Susanne +3 more
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Viral evolution and Immune responses [PDF]
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology, 2019 Antiviral responses are activated rapidly after viral infection in order to control and prevent dissemination of the virus. Different pathways are activated in the immune system, including innate and adaptive responses. On the other hand, viruses have evolved specifi c strategies to evade these responses.
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RNA-Mediated Virus Assembly: Mechanisms and Consequences for Viral Evolution and Therapy.
Annual Review of Biophysics, 2019 Viruses, entities composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and in some cases lipids lack the ability to replicate outside their target cells. Their components self-assemble at the nanoscale with exquisite precision-a key to their biological success in ...
R. Twarock, P. Stockley
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The evolution of viral emergence [PDF]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006 The current uncertainty over whether H5N1 avian influenza virus will successfully adapt to human transmission highlights the importance of understanding the evolutionary basis of viral emergence, particularly the respective roles played by ecology and genetics in allowing viruses to establish productive transmission networks in new host species.
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