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Analgesics: Opioids, Adjuvants and Others
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 1999The purpose of this article is to summarize the main categories of pain-relieving medications. The authors review a number of analgesic preparations and treatments, with special emphasis on advantages, precautions, limitations, and various routes of administration.
Patricia W. Nance, Matthew T. Matthew
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Opioids and Other Analgesics [PDF]
, 2000 This chapter is concerned with those pain-killing drugs (analgesics) that are most likely to be misused, ranging from propoxyphene (Darvon) through the synthetic, opiatelike drugs to the major opiates, including morphine and heroin. The generalizations made here apply to almost all prescription painkillers with the exception of the newer prescription ...
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2006
Tramadol is a moderately potent analgesic [1, 2]. It is an aminocyclohexanol derivative or phenylpiperidine analogue of codeine and its analgesic effect is mediated through noradrenaline re-uptake inhibition, both increased release and decreased re-uptake of serotonin in the spinal cord and very weak μ-opioid receptor effect [1, 3–5].
Greta M Palmer, Brian J. Anderson
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Tramadol is a moderately potent analgesic [1, 2]. It is an aminocyclohexanol derivative or phenylpiperidine analogue of codeine and its analgesic effect is mediated through noradrenaline re-uptake inhibition, both increased release and decreased re-uptake of serotonin in the spinal cord and very weak μ-opioid receptor effect [1, 3–5].
Greta M Palmer, Brian J. Anderson
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Pharmacological Mechanisms of Opioid Analgesics
Clinical Neuropharmacology, 1993The description of multiple classes of opioid receptors has had a major impact on our understanding of the mechanisms of analgesia. Three major classes of opioid receptors have been defined: mu, kappa, and delta. The mu receptors have been further subclassified into two distinct subtypes (mu 1 and mu 2), as have the delta receptors (delta 1 and delta 2)
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Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 2005
Abstract The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol produce analgesia by inhibition of one of the three isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which converts arachidonic acid to the cyclic endoperoxides from which the prostanoids are formed.
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Abstract The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol produce analgesia by inhibition of one of the three isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which converts arachidonic acid to the cyclic endoperoxides from which the prostanoids are formed.
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