The emergence of new antigen branches of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China due to antigenic drift on hemagglutinin through antibody escape at immunodominant sites [PDF]
Emerging Microbes and Infections, 2023 Vaccination is a crucial prevention and control measure against H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that threaten poultry production and public health.
Ruyi Gao, Maoshun Nie, Keji Quan
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Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States [PDF]
eLifeInfluenza viruses continually evolve new antigenic variants, through mutations in epitopes of their major surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antigenic drift potentiates the reinfection of previously infected individuals, but the
Amanda C Perofsky +25 more
doaj +5 more sources
Substantial Antigenic Drift in the Hemagglutinin Protein of Swine Influenza A Viruses [PDF]
Viruses, 2020 The degree of antigenic drift in swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) has historically been regarded as minimal compared to that of human influenza A virus strains.
Anders Gorm Pedersen +2 more
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An Antigenic Thrift-Based Approach to Influenza Vaccine Design [PDF]
Vaccines, 2021 The antigenic drift theory states that influenza evolves via the gradual accumulation of mutations, decreasing a host’s immune protection against previous strains. Influenza vaccines are designed accordingly, under the premise of antigenic drift. However,
Jai S. Bolton +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
The molecular determinants of antigenic drift in a novel avian influenza A (H9N2) variant virus [PDF]
Virology Journal, 2022 Background In early 2020, a novel H9N2 AIV immune escape variant emerged in South China and rapidly spread throughout mainland China. The effectiveness of the current H9N2 vaccine is being challenged by emerging immune escape strains. Assessing key amino
Yiqing Zheng +7 more
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MBio, 2019 The effectiveness of influenza vaccines against circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was modest for several seasons despite the absence of antigenic drift of hemagglutinin (HA), the primary vaccine component. Since antibodies against HA and neuraminidase (NA)
Ron Fouchier +2 more
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Machine Learning Prediction and Experimental Validation of Antigenic Drift in H3 Influenza A Viruses in Swine [PDF]
mSphere, 2021 Influenza A viruses (IAV) in swine constitute a major economic burden to an important global agricultural sector, impact food security, and are a public health threat.
Michael A. Zeller +5 more
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Antigenic drift and epidemiological severity of seasonal influenza in Canada [PDF]
Scientific Reports, 2022 Seasonal influenza epidemics circulate globally every year with varying levels of severity. One of the major drivers of this seasonal variation is thought to be the antigenic drift of influenza viruses, resulting from the accumulation of mutations in ...
Zishu Chen +3 more
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Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift. [PDF]
FEMS Microbiology ReviewsErica Spackman, Jasmina M Luczo
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Antigenic drift expands influenza viral escape pathways from recalled humoral immunity [PDF]
ImmunityDaniel P Maurer, Aaron G Schmidt, Mya Vu
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