Results 221 to 230 of about 321,932 (261)
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2012
For all its complexity, the brain can be broadly divided into two major types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Glia are defined as nonneuronal cells and function to maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. Formerly thought to be passive support cells, we now know that astrocytes, the major subtype of glial ...
Dustin J. Hines, Philip G. Haydon
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For all its complexity, the brain can be broadly divided into two major types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Glia are defined as nonneuronal cells and function to maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. Formerly thought to be passive support cells, we now know that astrocytes, the major subtype of glial ...
Dustin J. Hines, Philip G. Haydon
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Microglia release ATP by exocytosis.
Glia, 2014Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing several types of diffusible molecules, among which extracellular nucleotides released/leaked from damaged cells have central roles. Microglia sense ATP or other nucleotides by multiple P2 receptors, after which they change into several different phenotypes. However, so far, it is largely unknown whether
Yoshio, Imura +8 more
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Actin mediated release of ATP from a myosin ATP complex
Biochemistry, 1978The apparent second-order rate constant, ka-2, of actin binding to a myosin-ATP state (M*.ATP) and releasing ATP to the medium has been determined by two methods. The first was the measurement of the amount of ATP released when actin was added to the intermediate state, M*.ATP; the second was the measurement of oxygen exchange between ATP and HOH.
J A, Sleep, R L, Hutton
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Optogenetic control of ATP release
SPIE Proceedings, 2013Controlled release of ATP can be used for understanding extracellular purinergic signaling. While coarse mechanical forces and hypotonic stimulation have been utilized in the past to initiate ATP release from cells, these methods are neither spatially accurate nor temporally precise.
Matthew A. Lewis +4 more
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Characteristics of neuronal release of ATP
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 1984Recent studies have described a transmitter-like release of ATP in brain. Once released, extraneuronal ATP is rapidly metabolized to adenosine by ecto-ATPase and nucleotidase. Adenosine, through actions at specific receptors, inhibits neuronal firing in the brain.
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Soluble Apyrases Release ADP during ATP Hydrolysis
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2001A soluble form of CD39 was expressed and purified from High-Five insect cells. The soluble CD39 is a monomer with a molecular weight of 54,000. The k(cat) and K(m) of the purified soluble CD39 were 4.6 s(-1) and 12 microM for ATP and 1.3 s(-1) and 7 microM for ADP as substrates, respectively. One nucleotide binding site was detected on the monomer only
W, Chen, G, Guidotti
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Retrograde Inhibition of Transmitter Release by ATP
Journal of Neurochemistry, 1980Abstract: After labelling ACh tissue stores in Torpedo electric organ prisms with radioactive acetate, the release of ACh and ATP triggered by electrical stimulation or KCI depolarization was measured in the same perfusate samples. The luciferin‐luciferase reaction for ATP was first counted, then the radioactive content of the sample determined ...
M, Israël +4 more
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Nitric Oxide Inhibits ATP Release from Erythrocytes
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2004Erythrocytes have been reported to release ATP from intracellular stores into the surrounding environment in response to decreased oxygen tension and mechanical deformation. This erythrocyte-derived ATP can then act on purinergic receptors present on vascular endothelial cells, resulting in the synthesis and bidirectional release of nitric oxide (NO ...
Jeffrey J, Olearczyk +4 more
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Vesicular release of ATP at central synapses
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2006Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a fast excitatory transmitter in several regions of the central nervous system (CNS) including the medial habenula, dorsal horn, locus coeruleus, hippocampus, and somatosensory cortex. Postsynaptic actions of ATP are mediated through an extended family of P2X receptors, widely expressed throughout the CNS.
Pankratov, Yuri +3 more
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Detecting ATP Release by a Biosensor Method
Science's STKE, 2004Cells release adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) into the extracellular space in response to various stimuli. This released ATP plays an important physiological role in cell-to-cell signal transduction. The bulk ATP concentration can be detected using a conventional luciferin-luciferase assay. However, the ATP concentration in the vicinity of
Seiji, Hayashi +4 more
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