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Electrogenic Tuning of the Axon Initial Segment [PDF]
The Neuroscientist, 2009 Action potentials (APs) provide the primary means of rapid information transfer in the nervous system. Where exactly these signals are initiated in neurons has been a basic question in neurobiology and the subject of extensive study. Converging lines of evidence indicate that APs are initiated in a discrete and highly specialized portion of the axon ...
Brian D, Clark +2 more
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Amyloid-β plaques disrupt axon initial segments [PDF]
Experimental Neurology, 2016 Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the central pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plaque formation in animal models of AD coincides with the appearance of synaptic abnormalities, aberrant neuronal excitability, and cognitive decline. Aβ plaques may disrupt neuronal excitability since they have been proposed to be synaptotoxic, to induce axonal ...
Miguel A, Marin +3 more
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THE AXON HILLOCK AND THE INITIAL SEGMENT [PDF]
The Journal of Cell Biology, 1968 Axon hillocks and initial segments have been recognized and studied in electron micrographs of a wide variety of neurons. In all multipolar neurons the fine structure of the initial segment has the same pattern, whether or not the axon is ensheathed in myelin. The internal structure of the initial segment is characterized by three special features: (a)
S L, Palay +3 more
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Axon initial segment dysfunction in epilepsy [PDF]
The Journal of Physiology, 2010 The axon initial segment (AIS) contains the site of action potential initiation and plays a major role in neuronal excitability. AIS function relies on high concentrations of different ion channels and complex regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate molecular microarchitecture.
Verena C. Wimmer +4 more
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Building and maintaining the axon initial segment [PDF]
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2010 The axon initial segment is a unique neuronal subregion involved in the initiation of action potentials and in the control of axonal identity. Recent work has helped our understanding of how this specialised structure develops, not least in identifying possible mechanisms leading to the localisation of the AIS's master organiser protein, ankyrin-G. The
Grubb, Matthew S., Burrone, Juan
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Signal Processing in the Axon Initial Segment [PDF]
Neuron, 2012 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons where action potentials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of specific voltage-gated channels clustered at high densities, giving the AIS unique electrical properties. Here we review recent data on the physiology of the AIS.
Kole, Maarten, Stuart, Gregory J
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Human Nav1.6 Channels Generate Larger Resurgent Currents than Human Nav1.1 Channels, but the Navβ4 Peptide Does Not Protect Either Isoform from Use-Dependent Reduction [PDF]
, 2015 Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials (APs). Two brain isoforms, Nav1.1 and Nav1.6, have very distinct cellular and subcellular expression. Specifically, Nav1.1 is predominantly expressed in
Barbosa, Cindy +3 more
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Neuron Morphology Influences Axon Initial Segment Plasticity [PDF]
eneuro, 2016 In most vertebrate neurons, action potentials are initiated in the axon initial segment (AIS), a specialized region of the axon containing a high density of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. It has recently been proposed that neurons use plasticity of AIS length and/or location to regulate their intrinsic excitability.
Allan T. Gulledge, Jaime J. Bravo
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Modeling tau transport in the axon initial segment [PDF]
Mathematical Biosciences, 2020 By assuming that tau protein can be in seven kinetic states, we developed a model of tau protein transport in the axon and in the axon initial segment (AIS). Two separate sets of kinetic constants were determined, one in the axon and the other in the AIS.
Ivan A. Kuznetsov, Andrey V. Kuznetsov
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Imaging of the Axon Initial Segment
Current Protocols in Neuroscience, 2019 AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is the first 20‐ to 60‐μm segment of the axon proximal to the soma of a neuron. This highly specialized subcellular domain is the initiation site of the action potential and contains a high concentration of voltage‐gated ion channels held in place by a complex nexus of scaffolding and regulatory proteins that ...
Di Re, Jessica +4 more
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