Nanoscopic compartmentalization of membrane protein motion at the axon initial segment [PDF]
, 2016 The axon initial segment (AIS) is enriched in specific adaptor, cytoskeletal, and transmembrane molecules. During AIS establishment, a membrane diffusion barrier is formed between the axonal and somatodendritic domains.
Albrecht, D +5 more
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Axon initial segments: structure, function, and disease [PDF]
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018 AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is located at the proximal axon and is the site of action potential initiation. This reflects the high density of ion channels found at the AIS. Adaptive changes to the location and length of the AIS can fine‐tune the excitability of neurons and modulate plasticity in response to activity.
Claire Yu‐Mei Huang +1 more
openaire +2 more sources
The axonal cytoskeleton: from organization to function
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2015 The axon is the single long fiber that extends from the neuron and transmits electrical signals away from the cell body. The neuronal cytoskeleton, composed of microtubules, actin filaments and neurofilaments, is not only required for axon formation and ...
Josta eKevenaar, Casper eHoogenraad
doaj +1 more source
Action potential initiation in damaged axon initial segment [PDF]
BMC Neuroscience, 2014 The effects of physical trauma to nerve cells are of great interest in neuroscience and neuromedicine. The ion channels kinetics are affected by the trauma-induced damage to neural membrane structure. The density of affected channels is at its highest in the nodes and the axon initial segment (AIS).
Jacques, Louis +3 more
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The SNARE Protein Syntaxin 3 Confers Specificity for Polarized Axonal Trafficking in Neurons. [PDF]
, 2016 Cell polarity and precise subcellular protein localization are pivotal to neuronal function. The SNARE machinery underlies intracellular membrane fusion events, but its role in neuronal polarity and selective protein targeting remain unclear.
Albertolle, Mary E +7 more
core +1 more source
Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition
eLife, 2021 Inhibitory neurons in mammalian cortex exhibit diverse physiological, morphological, molecular, and connectivity signatures. While considerable work has measured the average connectivity of several interneuron classes, there remains a fundamental lack of
Casey M Schneider-Mizell +39 more
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Endocytosis in the axon initial segment maintains neuronal polarity. [PDF]
Nature, 2022 Abstract Neurons are highly polarized cells that face the fundamental challenge of compartmentalizing a vast and diverse repertoire of proteins in order to function properly1. The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized domain that separates a neuron’s morphologically, biochemically and functionally distinct axon and dendrite ...
Eichel K +12 more
europepmc +3 more sources
Chronic thoracic hemisection spinal cord injury in adult rats induces a progressive decline in transmission from uninjured fibers to lumbar motoneurons [PDF]
, 2008 Although most spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete, only limited functional recovery has been observed in people and rats with partial lesions.
Arko Ghosh +10 more
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Cannabinoid Receptors Modulate Neuronal Morphology and AnkyrinG Density at the Axon Initial Segment [PDF]
, 2017 Peer ...
Garrido Jurado, Juan José
core +1 more source
Cell Reports, 2019 Summary: The axon initial segment (AIS) is a compartment that serves as a molecular barrier to achieve axon-dendrite differentiation. Distribution of specific proteins during early neuronal development has been proposed to be critical for AIS ...
Sotaro Ichinose +3 more
doaj +1 more source