Current Research Status of Azaspiracids [PDF]
Marine DrugsThe presence and impact of toxins have been detected in various regions worldwide ever since the discovery of azaspiracids (AZAs) in 1995. These toxins have had detrimental effects on marine resource utilization, marine environmental protection, and ...
Wang Lianghua +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Azaspiracids Increase Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases Activity in Hepatocytes: Involvement of Potassium and Chloride Ions [PDF]
Marine Drugs, 2019 Background: Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine toxins that are produced by Azadinium and Amphidoma dinoflagellates that can contaminate edible shellfish inducing a foodborne poisoning in humans, which is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms.
Jane Kilcoyne, Silvio Sosa, Marco Pelin
exaly +4 more sources
High Affinity Aptamers and Their Specificity for Azaspiracid-2 Using Capture-SELEX [PDF]
Marine DrugsAzaspiracids are a type of polyether toxin. Currently, the existing detection methods for azaspiracids all have certain drawbacks. Aptamers offer a cost-effective and convenient approach for the detection of azaspiracids.
Jiaping Yang +7 more
doaj +2 more sources
Emerging Marine Biotoxins in European Waters: Potential Risks and Analytical Challenges [PDF]
Marine Drugs, 2022 Harmful algal blooms pose a challenge regarding food safety due to their erratic nature and forming circumstances which are yet to be disclosed. The best strategy to protect human consumers is through legislation and monitoring strategies. Global warming
Paz Otero, Marisa Silva
doaj +2 more sources
Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells Caused by Marine Phycotoxin Azaspiracid-2 [PDF]
ToxinsWhen humans consume seafood contaminated by lipophilic polyether phycotoxins, such as azaspiracids (AZAs), the toxins are mainly leached and absorbed in the small intestine, potentially causing intestinal damage.
Liye Zhao +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum [PDF]
Microorganisms, 2021 Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of lipophilic toxins, which are produced by a few species of the marine nanoplanktonic dinoflagellates Azadinium and Amphidoma (Amphidomataceae).
Urban Tillmann +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
AZA Toxin Profiles by LC-HRMS in Shellfish from Šibenik Bay: AZA-2 Predominant Analog [PDF]
MoleculesAzaspiracids (AZAs) are marine polyether biotoxins produced by dinoflagellates that accumulate in filter-feeding organisms and pose a threat to human health and seafood safety.
Antonija Bulić +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Fatty acid esters of azaspiracids identified in mussels (Mytilus edulis) using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry [PDF]
Toxicon: X, 2020 Azaspiracids (AZAs) are lipophilic polyether toxins produced by Azadinium and Amphidoma species of marine microalgae. The main dinoflagellate precursors AZA1 and AZA2 are metabolized by shellfish to produce an array of AZA analogues.
Elizabeth M. Mudge +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
SoundToxins: A Research and Monitoring Partnership for Harmful Phytoplankton in Washington State [PDF]
Toxins, 2023 The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine
Vera L. Trainer, Teri L. King
doaj +2 more sources
Monitoring the Emergence of Algal Toxins in Shellfish: First Report on Detection of Brevetoxins in French Mediterranean Mussels [PDF]
Marine Drugs, 2021 In France, four groups of lipophilic toxins are currently regulated: okadaic acid/dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins and azaspiracids. However, many other families of toxins exist, which can be emerging toxins.
Zouher Amzil +7 more
doaj +2 more sources