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On the Discovery of Clostridium botulinum
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 1999A description is given of a food intoxication in 1895 at Ellezelles, a village in Belgium. As a result 3 persons died within a few days and others became seriously ill. A thorough investigation by E. van Ermengem led to the discovery of Clostridium botulinum and botulinum toxin.
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Botulinum neurotoxin A: A review
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2012Despite its ubiquity in cosmetic circles and broad general awareness, a literature search of botulinum neurotoxin in JPRAS and BJPS yielded a mere 4 articles germane to cosmesis. A pair each detailing its application in masseteric hypertrophy(1,2) and the use of cryoanalgesia.(3,4) Given that botulinum neurotoxin A is the most commonly used cosmetic ...
M G, Berry, Jan J, Stanek
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American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 2004
In the United States, the popularity of botulinum toxins as agents to treat muscle hypertonia has grown significantly over the last decade, despite lack of approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the indication of spasticity. Botox (botulinum toxin type A) and Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) are Food and Drug Administration-approved for ...
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In the United States, the popularity of botulinum toxins as agents to treat muscle hypertonia has grown significantly over the last decade, despite lack of approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the indication of spasticity. Botox (botulinum toxin type A) and Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) are Food and Drug Administration-approved for ...
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[Clostridium botulinum and botulinum neurotoxin].
Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2011Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive anaerobic rod that forms endospores. This bacterium produces large molecular toxin complexes, namely botulinum toxin complexes (progenitor toxins). It (L toxin complex) is composed of a single neurotoxin molecule (BoNT with a molecular weight of 150 kDa), a single nontoxic nonhemagglutinin molecule (NTNHA), and ...
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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2016
Rhinitis is a common clinical entity. Besides nasal obstruction, itching, and sneezing, one of the most important symptoms of rhinitis is nasal hypersecretion produced by nasal glands and exudate from the nasal vascular bed. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction of nasal mucosa after exposure to environmental allergens.
Cengiz, Ozcan, Onur, Ismi
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Rhinitis is a common clinical entity. Besides nasal obstruction, itching, and sneezing, one of the most important symptoms of rhinitis is nasal hypersecretion produced by nasal glands and exudate from the nasal vascular bed. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction of nasal mucosa after exposure to environmental allergens.
Cengiz, Ozcan, Onur, Ismi
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2020
This chapter is focused on analgesic mechanism of action of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) including the action beyond peripheral nerve endings. With the exception of the meninges and possibly urinary bladder, the presence of BoNT-A activity in the periphery, cleaving SNAP25 as a target molecule, up to now was not convincingly shown.
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This chapter is focused on analgesic mechanism of action of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) including the action beyond peripheral nerve endings. With the exception of the meninges and possibly urinary bladder, the presence of BoNT-A activity in the periphery, cleaving SNAP25 as a target molecule, up to now was not convincingly shown.
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Botulinum neurotoxin type C (Clostridium botulinum)
1997Abstract Botulinum neurotoxin C (BoNT/C} is one of the seven neurotoxins produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum, and are responsible for the flaccid paralysis characteristic of botulism. Its structural gene is located on the genome of bacteriophages (GenBank accession number X53751), which produce a 150 kDa protein of ...
J Herreros, J Blasi
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