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Different types of botulinum toxin in humans
Movement Disorders, 2004In humans, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (BoNT/A) is a useful therapeutic tool, but different BoNT serotypes may be useful when a specific immune resistance related to BoNT/A is proved. BoNT serotype F (BoNT/F) was injected into human muscles but its effects are shorter compared to BoNT/A, whereas BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) is effective in ...
ELEOPRA R +4 more
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Pharmacology and immunology of botulinum toxin type A
Clinics in Dermatology, 2003The utility of botulinum neurotoxins as therapeutic and esthetic agents depends on their ability to inhibit neurotransmitter release from selected neurons, remain localized at the site of injection, and evade the body's immunologic defenses. The clinical correlates of these actions, respectively, are efficacy, safety, and a low rate of antibody ...
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Observations on the Type A Toxin of Clostridium botulinum
Nature, 1951THE recent communication by Wentzel, Sterne and Polson1 makes it desirable to record some supplementary observations made in the chemical investigation of a number of toxins, especially that produced by Clostridium botulinum Type A. In the present experiments, the toxicity was determined by intraperitoneal injection into white mice of 20 gm. weight.
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Purification of Clostridium botulinum type a toxin
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure, 1970Abstract The neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum Type A has been isolated and purified from a liquid culture. The toxin is homogeneuous by anion and cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration, isoelectric focusing and Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique. The specific toxicity of the purified toxin is 10 · 107 minimum lethal doses/1.0 A 278
B R, Dasgupta, L J, Berry, D A, Boroff
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Botulinum toxin antibody type A titres after cessation of botulinum toxin therapy
Movement Disorders, 2002AbstractIn some patients, therapy with botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) becomes ineffective due to formation of antibodies (BT‐A‐AB). The time course of BT‐A‐AB titres after cessation of BT‐A therapy was quantitatively studied to determine whether and when they might drop.
Dirk, Dressler, Hans, Bigalke
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[Botulinum toxin Type A. Indications and results].
Revista de neurologia, 2003Since introduction for clinical in the 80s, the botulinum toxin type A is being used with effectiveness in the treatment of different disorders that goes with exaggerated muscular activity. Numerous studies have been demonstrated useful for focal treatment of spasticity.Some indications of the botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of the cerebral ...
Póo P +5 more
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Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of migraine
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2006Migraine is a common and debilitating disorder that often requires prophylactic therapy, particularly for those migraine patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for chronic daily headache (chronic migraine). Existing prophylactic treatments for migraine are inadequate for many patients due to their modest efficacy and/or systemic side effects ...
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Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2005
Alastair, Carruthers, Jean, Carruthers
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Alastair, Carruthers, Jean, Carruthers
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Botulinum Toxin: An Update on Pharmacology and Newer Products in Development
Toxins, 2021Mark R Baker +2 more
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