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The Face of Emotion: Botulinum Toxin, Emotional Anatomy, and Mood Modulation
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 2025.ABSTRACT Background Facial expressions profoundly influence emotional communication and well‐being. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial muscle activity can reinforce or modulate emotional experiences. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A), known for its aesthetic applications, is emerging as a modulator of mood through its effects on facial ...
Robert J. Vanaria +4 more
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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 2025.ABSTRACT Background Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) fillers are widely used for soft‐tissue augmentation due to their volumizing properties and biostimulatory effects. However, clinical evidence supporting the dual role of CaHA as both a volumizer and a skin booster remains limited. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of CaHA filler (VoLassom) in midface
Ji Yeon Hong, Kui Young Park
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Pro‐Aging: A New Approach to Beauty and Aesthetic Medicine
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 2025.
Stefano Fabbri, Mariachiara Fabbri
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Different types of botulinum toxin in humans [PDF]
Movement Disorders, 2004 In humans, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (BoNT/A) is a useful therapeutic tool, but different BoNT serotypes may be useful when a specific immune resistance related to BoNT/A is proved. BoNT serotype F (BoNT/F) was injected into human muscles but its effects are shorter compared to BoNT/A, whereas BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) is effective in ...
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Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: Botulinum toxin type C and botulinum toxin type F
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A is commonly used in the treatment of focal dystonia, but some patients are primarily or become secondarily resistant to it. Consequently, other serotypes have to be used when immuno-resistance is proven. In the literature, patients with focal dystonia have been treated with BoNT serotype F with clinical benefit ...
ELEOPRA R +5 more
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Complications of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, 2007Introduced over 30 years ago for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) now has established uses for various therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Although remarkably safe and effective, BTX-A is a potent toxin. Complications can occur, particularly when used by the inexperienced injectors.
Jean Carruthers, Alastair Carruthers
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Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type a
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) acts peripherally by inhibiting acetylcholine release from the presynaptic neuromuscular terminals, thus weakening muscle contraction, and its clinical benefit depends primarily on the toxin's peripheral action. In addition to acting directly at the neuromuscular junction, the toxin alters sensory inputs to the central ...
ABBRUZZESE, GIOVANNI, BERARDELLI A.
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Botulinum Toxin Type B for Dynamic Glabellar Rhytides Refractory to Botulinum Toxin Type A
Dermatologic Surgery, 2003Botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B; Myobloc) has recently been introduced for the treatment of dynamic rhytides. This serotype is structurally similar to botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A; Botox) and appears to produce equivalent muscular paralysis. Because of the fact that some patients may become resistant to the effects of BTX-A with its continued use or may
Jason R. Lupton, Tina S. Alster
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Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: botulinum toxin type B
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BT, BT-B) has been used as NeuroBloc/MyoBloc since 1999 for treatment of cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, spastic conditions, cerebral palsy, hemifacial spasm, bladder dysfunction, spasmodic dysphonia, sialorrhoea, anal fissures, piriformis syndrome, various pain conditions and cosmetic applications.
Roberto Eleopra, Dirk Dressler
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Botulinum toxin in tension-type headache
Journal of Neurology, 2004Despite the controversy regarding specific mechanism of botulinum toxin action in pain relief, clinical results suggest that botulinum toxin type A may be promising treatment options for patients with primary chronic headache. To investigate this, we included sixteen patients with chronic tension-type headache in a prospective double blind, placebo ...
Maja Relja, Srdana Telarović
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