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Molecular Weight of Type A Botulinum Toxin [PDF]

Infection and Immunity, 1970
Clostridium botulinum type A does not produce a 12,000 molecular weight toxin. The reported isolation of such a material by Gerwing et al. could not be confirmed.
William P. Brown, Leonard Spero, John N. Knox   +2 more
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Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure

Journal of Neurology, 2003
Recently, it was reported that botulinum toxin type B complex (BoNT/B) (NeuroBloc(R), Elan Pharmaceuticals) can produce an adequate therapeutic response in patients with antibody induced failure of botulinum toxin type A complex (BoNT/A) therapy. We wanted to study whether this effect is transient or sustained.
Hans Bigalke, Reiner Benecke, Dirk Dressler   +2 more
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Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021
Botulinum toxin type A (BontA) is the most frequent treatment for facial wrinkles, but its effectiveness and safety have not previously been assessed in a Cochrane Review.To assess the effects of all commercially available botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of any type of facial wrinkles.We searched the following databases up to May 2020:
Jun Xia, Cristina Pires Camargo, Caroline Sousa Costa, Rolf Gemperli, Rachel Riera, Maria D. C. Tatini, Max Bulsara, Max Bulsara, Max Bulsara   +8 more
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Botulinum Toxin Type B (Myobloc)

Dermatologic Surgery, 2003
Myobloc, known as Neurobloc in Europe, is a member of the botulinum toxin family. It has been used for a myriad of problems since its approval in the United States in December 2000. It is currently not approved for cosmetic use but has been used for this purpose. This article reviews what is currently known about botulinum toxin type B and its efficacy
Laura Black, Leslie Baumann
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Botulinum Toxin Type B

Dermatologic Surgery, 2003
Botulinum toxin B is an antigenically distinct form of Botulinum toxin which has unique physical and clinical properties that distinguish it from Botulinum toxin A.To describe properties of Botulinum toxin B.More rapid onset, greater diffusion characteristics as well as diminished longevity have been identified to date in previous studies.BTX-B is safe
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Purification of Clostridium botulinum type a toxin

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure, 1970
Abstract The neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum Type A has been isolated and purified from a liquid culture. The toxin is homogeneuous by anion and cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration, isoelectric focusing and Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique. The specific toxicity of the purified toxin is 10 · 107 minimum lethal doses/1.0 A 278
Daniel A. Boroff, L J Berry, B R Dasgupta   +2 more
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Botulinum Toxin Type A in Dental Medicine

Journal of Dental Research, 2019
Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are a product of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. By entering nerve endings, they cleave and inactivate SNARE proteins, which are essential for neurotransmitter release. Prevention of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction causes long-lasting and potentially fatal flaccid paralysis—a major feature of botulism ...
A.A. Del Bel Cury, Z Lacković, V R M Muñoz Lora, V R M Muñoz Lora, B Jabbari   +4 more
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Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon

Dermatologic Therapy, 2020
Raynaud's phenomenon is a vasospastic disorder clinically characterized by cold or stress-induced discoloration of the skin, pain and ulcers of the fingers or toes. Although this phenomenon might be self-limiting, there is a subgroup of patients requiring a therapeutic approach.
S. Meelad Habib, Elian E. A. Brenninkmeijer, Maarten H. Vermeer, Jeska K. Vries‐Bouwstra, Peter J. Velthuis   +4 more
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Botulinum Toxin Type A for Chronic Migraine

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 2010
Chronic migraine (CM) is the leading cause of chronic daily headache, a common and debilitating headache syndrome. The management of CM patients is challenging, with only limited benefit from available oral preventive medications. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used extensively to treat disorders associated with increased muscle tone. More recent
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Botulinum toxin type A in chronic migraine

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2007
The use of botulinum toxin type A continues to be investigated by the US FDA for potential use in the treatment of headache. As part of this process there has been extensive research conducted by individual study sites as well as multicenter trials. To date, the majority of the focus has been on migraine headache as well as on tension-type headache ...
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