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Carcinogen Testing & Public Information
The Hastings Center Report, 1980Editor's note: In August 1979, the Hastings Center Report published an article by Barry Bloom, "News about Carcinogens: What's Fit to Print?" In it, Professor Bloom raised many questions about the National Cancer Institute's policy of testing and publishing information on possible carcinogens.
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Carcinogen testing fact and fallacy
Cancer, 1988In the absence of human information on the carcinogenicity of chemical substances, one must rely primarily on information from long-term animal testing. Although far from perfect, animal studies seem to be reasonable predictors of the human experience, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Bacterial systems for carcinogenicity testing
Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology, 1981During the past 30 years, bacterial test systems have been extensively refined in their ability to detect not only mutagenic agents but, in many cases, carcinogenic ones as well. Since many carcinogens are known to be activated within the mammalian body, major improvements in bacterial test systems were made when representative parts of mammalian ...
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1985
Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that environmental factors are a major cause of cancer.1,2 Although some of these factors are self-imposed (e.g. cigarette smoking) there are many other unintentional routes of carcinogen uptake, such as the diet, and by exposure to both natural and synthetic chemicals present in our environment (e.g ...
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Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that environmental factors are a major cause of cancer.1,2 Although some of these factors are self-imposed (e.g. cigarette smoking) there are many other unintentional routes of carcinogen uptake, such as the diet, and by exposure to both natural and synthetic chemicals present in our environment (e.g ...
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Alternative tests for carcinogens
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1982Abstract A summary of the International Collaborative Programme on the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens 2 .
I.F.H. Purchase, J. Ashby
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Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 1969
Summary A carcinogen in the form of whole tobacco smoke condensate was applied to the skin of a group of human subjects most of whom had suffered from bronchogenic carcinoma. One week later the epidermal density was estimated on the area exposed to the carcinogen and compared with, the density of unexposed epidermis in the same subject.
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Summary A carcinogen in the form of whole tobacco smoke condensate was applied to the skin of a group of human subjects most of whom had suffered from bronchogenic carcinoma. One week later the epidermal density was estimated on the area exposed to the carcinogen and compared with, the density of unexposed epidermis in the same subject.
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Carcinogenicity Testing of Antitumor Agents
Toxicologic Pathology, 1985Carcinogenicity testing of antitumor agents in animal bioassays has been proposed because of the potential for carcinogenicity of this class of agents and the expectation that such testing may indicate prospectively the target organs of any related human oncogenesis.
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Issues in Carcinogenicity Testing: Dose Selection
Toxicological Sciences, 1985Dose selection in testing chemicals for possible carcinogenicity in rodents continues to be an area of scientific debate. In this paper the definition of "maximum tolerated dose" (MTD) is considered, and the advantages and disadvantages of using MTDs are given.
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Short term screening tests for carcinogens
Nature, 1976There are now short term tests with a high predictive value for mammalian carcinogens. Many of them are based on the ability to detect damage to DNA in bacteria or mammalian cells after metabolic activation by microsomal enzymes. Their introduction will enable provisional safety assessments to be made for the many thousands of industrial and ...
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