Results 91 to 100 of about 43,008 (285)
When Biology Meets Medicine: A Perspective on Foundation Models
Advanced Intelligent Discovery, EarlyView.Artificial intelligence, and foundation models in particular, are transforming life sciences and medicine. This perspective reviews biological and medical foundation models across scales, highlighting key challenges in data availability, model evaluation, and architectural design.
Kunying Niu +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Advanced Intelligent Systems, EarlyView.An instance‐level, model‐agnostic explanation of class differentiation is introduced through SHAP‐LCD, linking probability shifts to feature‐wise Shapley contributions. The method operates on tabular and image data and is released in a fully reproducible implementation, offering a transparent way to examine, at each instance, why predictive models ...
Roxana M. Romero Luna +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Counterfactuals, indicative conditionals, and negation under uncertainty: Are there cross-cultural differences? [PDF]
, 2017 In this paper we study selected argument forms involving counterfactuals and indicative conditionals under uncertainty. We selected argument forms to explore whether people with an Eastern cultural background reason differently about conditionals ...
Pfeifer, Niki, Yama, Hiroshi
core +1 more source
Journal of Philosophical LogicAbstract This paper extends Kit Fine’s (2012a, 2012b, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c) truthmaker framework to provide a novel task semantics for tensed counterfactual conditionals. Instead of taking possible worlds to be primitive elements in a model, possible worlds will be defined in terms of states, parthood, tasks, and times where the task relation ...
openaire +1 more source
Noûs, 2015 AbstractI offer a novel solution to the problem of counterfactual skepticism: the worry that all contingent counterfactuals without explicit probabilities in the consequent are false. I argue that a specific kind of contextualist semantics and pragmatics for would‐ and might‐counterfactuals can block both central routes to counterfactual skepticism ...
openaire +2 more sources
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, EarlyView.Abstract Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act (REA), enacted in 2000 and subsequently amended, subsidized national renewable energy production with fixed feed‐in tariffs for renewable energy sources (RE) from wind, solar, and biogas. Empirical studies suggest that the policy was creating windfall effects for landowners and attribute farmland use ...
Lars Isenhardt +6 more
wiley +1 more source
What Are the Odds that Everyone is Depraved? [PDF]
, 2020 Why does God allow evil? One hypothesis is that God desires the existence and activity of free creatures but He was unable to create a world with such creatures and such activity without also allowing evil. If Molinism is true, what probability should be
Hill, Scott
core
CoRR, 2020 Causal inference often relies on the counterfactual framework, which requires that treatment assignment is independent of the outcome, known as strong ignorability. Approaches to enforcing strong ignorability in causal analyses of observational data include weighting and matching methods.
Amelia J. Averitt +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, EarlyView.Abstract While multiple factors explain low adoption rates of improved varieties by small‐scale farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa, a key supply‐side constraint is the limited availability of seed embodying new traits in the volume, quality, price, and timeliness required by farmers. This constraint is partly attributable to classical failures in the market
Dawit Mekonnen +5 more
wiley +1 more source
Evaluating the Usefulness of Counterfactual Explanations from Bayesian Networks
Human-Centric Intelligent SystemsBayesian networks are commonly used for learning with uncertainty and incorporating expert knowledge. However, they are hard to interpret, especially when the network structure is complex.
Raphaela Butz +3 more
doaj +1 more source