Results 11 to 20 of about 100,889 (161)
The information theoretic perspective on medical diagnostic inference. [PDF]
Hosp Pract (1995), 2014 The goal of this work is to present information theory, specifically Claude Shannon's mathematical theory of communication, in a clinical context and elucidate its potential contributions to understanding the process of diagnostic inference. We use probability theory, information theory, and clinical examples to develop information theory as a means to
Eiseman NA, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
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p-Value Histograms: Inference and Diagnostics [PDF]
High-Throughput, 2018 It is increasingly common for experiments in biology and medicine to involve large numbers of hypothesis tests. A natural graphical method for visualizing these tests is to construct a histogram from the p-values of these tests. In this article, we examine the shapes, both regular and irregular, that these histograms can take on, as well as present ...
Patrick Breheny +2 more
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Natural frequencies facilitate diagnostic inferences of managers [PDF]
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015 In Bayesian inference tasks, information about base rates as well as hit rate and false-alarm rate needs to be integrated according to Bayes' rule after the result of a diagnostic test became known. Numerous studies have found that presenting information in a Bayesian inference task in terms of natural frequencies leads to better performance compared ...
Hoffrage, U. +2 more
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The Higgs discovery as a diagnostic causal inference [PDF]
Synthese, 2015 I reconstruct the discovery of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS collaboration at CERN as the application of a series of inferences from effects to causes. I show to what extent such diagnostic causal inferences can be based on well established knowledge gained in previous experiments.
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Inferences of clinical diagnostic reasoning and diagnostic error
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2011 This paper discusses clinical diagnostic reasoning in terms of a pattern of If/then/Therefore reasoning driven by data gathering and the inference of abduction, as defined in the present paper, and the inferences of retroduction, deduction, and induction as defined by philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.
Anton E. Lawson, Erno S. Daniel
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Using natural frequencies to improve diagnostic inferences [PDF]
Academic Medicine, 1998 To test whether physician's diagnostic inferences can be improved by communicating information using natural frequencies instead of probabilities. Whereas probabilities and relative frequencies are normalized with respect to disease base rates, natural frequencies are not normalized.The authors asked 48 physicians in Munich and Düsseldorf to determine ...
Hoffrage, U. +1 more
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Inference diagnostic state of the technical object in logic k-valuable [PDF]
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej, 2017 The article presents the problem of describing the theoretical basis for inference (decision-making) in the multi-valued logic. A significant part of the article concerns the descrip-tion of the basis for the development of the logic k-value, where k = 2,
Stanisław Duer
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Nonparametric predictive inference for diagnostic test thresholds [PDF]
Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2018 Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic tests is crucial in many application areas including medicine, machine learning and credit scoring. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and surface are useful tools to assess the ability of diagnostic tests to discriminate between ordered classes or groups.
Coolen-Maturi, T. +2 more
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Improving the accuracy of medical diagnosis with causal machine learning
Nature Communications, 2020 In medical diagnosis a doctor aims to explain a patient’s symptoms by determining the diseases causing them, while existing diagnostic algorithms are purely associative.
Jonathan G. Richens +2 more
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Statistical Methods for Targeted Clinical Trials under Enrichment Design
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 2008 After completion of the Human Genome Project, disease targets at the molecular level can be identified. Treatment for these specific targets can be developed with the individualized treatment of patients becoming a reality.
Jen-Pei Liu, Jr-Rung Lin
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