Results 151 to 160 of about 805 (190)
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Estriol and estetrol in amniotic fluid
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1974Estetrol (1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,15α,16α,17β-tetrol; 15α-hydroxyestriol; E 4 ) is derived from both neutral and phenolic precursors which have undergone 15α-hydroxylation in the fetal liver or adrenal. Radioimmunoassays of total estrogens (TE), unconjugated estriol (E 3 ), and unconjugated estetrol (E 4 ) have been utilized to measure the ...
J J, Sciarra +3 more
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Pattern of estetrol conjugation in the human
Steroids, 1972Abstract Following the intravenous injection of 3H-estetrol (E4) into an adult human subject the urinary excretion of tritium was virtually complete within 72 hours. The metabolites consisted almost exclusively of conjugates of estetrol. Each conjugate was purified by column chromatography, identified by the elution pattern and by enzyme hydrolysis ...
H, Jirku, S, Kadner, M, Levitz
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Biosynthesis of estetrol in human pregnancy: Potential pathways
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2023Estetrol (E4) has emerged as a novel and highly promising estrogen for therapeutic use. E4 is a weak natural estrogen produced only in pregnancy. Because of its novelty, there is considerable interest by clinicians in how it is produced in pregnancy. Although the fetal liver plays a key role in its production, the placenta is also involved.
Frank Z, Stanczyk, David F, Archer
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Estetrol: A unique steroid in human pregnancy
Climacteric, 2008Estetrol (E(4)) is an estrogenic steroid molecule synthesized exclusively by the fetal liver during human pregnancy and reaching the maternal circulation through the placenta. Its function is presently unknown. After its discovery in the mid-1960s, E(4) research revealed rather unique properties of this steroid and spawned a large body of state-of-the ...
Christian F, Holinka +2 more
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A radioimmunoassay of plasma unconjugated and conjugated estetrol
Steroids, 1977A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of both unconjugated and conjugaged estetrol in plasma has been developed. The antiserum obtained after 6 months of immunization with 6-oxoestetrol-6-(O-carboxy-methyl)oxim-BSA was used at a final dilution of 1:90,000 and showed almost no cross reaction with other steroids except for estriol at 1.24%.
K, Den +7 more
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Estetrol and drospirenone: a novel oral contraceptive
Drugs of Today, 2022Estetrol (E₄) is a natural human estrogen produced during human pregnancy in the fetal liver with a unique mechanism of action that displays tissue-selective activity, and behaves as a natural selective estrogen receptor modulator. E₄ acts as an estrogen agonist on the vagina, the uterus and the endometrium, and also shows bone-sparing activity.
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Ovulation inhibition by estetrol in an in vivo model
Climacteric, 2008Currently, the synthetic steroid ethinylestradiol (EE) is the preferred estrogen in combined oral contraceptives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the natural steroid estetrol (E(4)) as an ovulation inhibitor in rats when compared to EE.Regularly cycling female rats were treated orally twice daily for four consecutive ...
Bennink, H.J.T.C. +3 more
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Estetrol review: profile and potential clinical applications
Climacteric, 2008In this review paper, the existing information on the human fetal steroid estetrol (E4) has been summarized. In the past, E4 was considered as a weak estrogen and interest disappeared. However, recent new research has demonstrated that E4 is a potent, orally bioavailable, natural human fetal selective estrogen receptor modulator, since it acts in the ...
H J T Coelingh Bennink, C F Holinka
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PLASMA ESTETROL AS AN INDEX OF FETAL WELL-BEING
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 1975Estetrol (15alpha-hydroxyestriol or E4) is considered to be a specific product of fetal liver and has been suggested as a good indicator of fetal well-being. The concentration of unconjugated estetrol (E4) was measured by rapid and specific radioimmunoassay in 1 ml of maternal plasma.
D, Tulchinsky +3 more
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Radioimmunoassay of 15α-hydroxyestriol (estetrol) in pregnancy serum
Steroids, 1976A more specific antisera against 15alpha-hydroxyestriol (estetrol) was produced in rabbits by immunization with 6-oxoestetrol-6-carboxy-methyloximino-bovine serum albumin. The synthesis of estetrol tetraacetate was greatly improved. Characterization of estetrol antisera revealed that it is more specific than those formerly obtained.
N, Kundu, M, Grant
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