Results 151 to 160 of about 3,671 (239)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

A War of Words: Framing the Austrian Civil War through the Language of the Combatants

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The Austrian civil war was a four‐day conflict in 1934 between the largest left‐wing paramilitary, the Schutzbund, and government forces aligned with the largest right‐wing paramilitary group, the Heimwehr. The Schutzbund was quickly and brutally suppressed through the use of overwhelming force, armoured vehicles and even artillery deployment ...
Jenna Byers
wiley   +1 more source

AN URBAN MARKETPLACE UNDER PRESSURE: The Steady Gentrification Process of Porta Palazzo (Turin) Through the Eyes of Market Sellers and Policy Makers

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract Marketplaces, crucial sites for low‐income populations as sources of affordable goods and social interaction, are at a critical juncture. They are experiencing decline due to the rise of shopping centres and neglect by public authorities, while at the same time being rediscovered as tourist attractions, sources of profit and tools for urban ...
Francesca Ru
wiley   +1 more source

THE URBANOLOGISTS COME TO TOWN: Professional Life and Work in the Urban Solutions Industry

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract This article charts the upsurge of an eclectic global community of professionals new to the field of urban policy and governance, animated by playful and celebratory attitudes towards cities and urbanization: the urbanologists. It contributes to debates in critical urban theory and critical ethnographies of technology to problematize ...
Rachel Bok
wiley   +1 more source

THE TERRITORIALIZATION OF ANGOLA'S REAL ESTATE FRONTIER: How Private‐led Housing Developments are Reshaping the Outskirts of Luanda

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract Africa is recognized as the final frontier for urbanization and capitalism. Following a long wave of massive loans to promote state‐led developments, small private foreign and local developers are transforming the urban landscape on the outskirts of Luanda, forging partnerships with Angola's national and local governments and developing an ...
Higor Carvalho
wiley   +1 more source

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