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Freeze-Substitution and Freeze-Drying
1987Freeze-substitution (FS) and freeze-drying (FD) are dehydration techniques by which the water is gently removed from a frozen specimen. Both techniques can serve as a link between cryofixation and conventional thin sectioning at room temperature (Fig. 1).
Steinbrecht, R., Müller, M.
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2016
Freezing of biological materials is commonly carried out to delay biochemical and chemical changes resulting in loss of activity. However, the physicochemical background of freezing is not well understood. Freeze-drying is generally aimed at preserving biological materials and bioactive components for long periods of time without the need for frozen ...
Yrjö H. Roos +2 more
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Freezing of biological materials is commonly carried out to delay biochemical and chemical changes resulting in loss of activity. However, the physicochemical background of freezing is not well understood. Freeze-drying is generally aimed at preserving biological materials and bioactive components for long periods of time without the need for frozen ...
Yrjö H. Roos +2 more
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Freezing and freeze-drying of microorganisms
Cryobiology, 1964Some papers reporting the effects of intense cold on microorganisms had already appeared in the 19th century and since then there have been a great many investigations of the freezing of microorganisms.3* 53 ‘I, 12 These experiments demonstrate that a wide variety of microorganisms can survive cooling to and storage at very low temperatures.
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Pharmaceutical spray freeze drying
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2015Pharmaceutical spray-freeze drying (SFD) includes a heterogeneous set of technologies with primary applications in apparent solubility enhancement, pulmonary drug delivery, intradermal ballistic administration and delivery of vaccines to the nasal mucosa.
Stefan, Wanning +2 more
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A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering, 2006
Roberto Bruttini, Athanasios Liapis
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Roberto Bruttini, Athanasios Liapis
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2002
Given the increasing importance of reducing development time for new pharmaceutical products, formulation and process development scientists must continually look for ways to "work smarter, not harder." Within the product development arena, this means reducing the amount of trial and error empiricism in arriving at a formulation and identification of ...
Steven L, Nail +3 more
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Given the increasing importance of reducing development time for new pharmaceutical products, formulation and process development scientists must continually look for ways to "work smarter, not harder." Within the product development arena, this means reducing the amount of trial and error empiricism in arriving at a formulation and identification of ...
Steven L, Nail +3 more
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Freezing and freeze-drying of viruses
Cryobiology, 1967W A, Rightsel, D, Greiff
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