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The dynamic structure of the germinal center
Immunology Today, 1998Analysis of germinal centers (GCs) in chronically inflamed human tonsils has led to the dogma that GCs contain two compartments with separate functions: a dark zone where B cells proliferate and hypermutate; and a light zone where selection and differentiation occur.
S A, Camacho +2 more
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Functional anatomy of germinal centers
American Journal of Anatomy, 1984AbstractThis year we celebrate the first centennial of the discovery of germinal centers by Flemming in 1884. The present paper reviews and adds new data to the functional anatomy of a germinal center. Emphasizing its reactive nature, we first describe a germinal center reaction and then deal with its infrastructural aspects and constituent cell ...
Nieuwenhuis, P., Opstelten, D.
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How to Simulate a Germinal Center
2017Germinal centers host a mini-evolutionary environment where B cells can mutate their receptor and be selected depending on its affinity to target antigens in a process called affinity maturation. Starting from founder cells with a weak B cell receptor affinity, germinal centers release output cells as antibody-secreting cells or memory cells with a ...
Philippe A, Robert +3 more
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Germinal centers: form and function
Current Opinion in Immunology, 1998Our understanding of the formation of germinal centers has advanced considerably during the past year. Highlights include the elucidation of the role of cytokines and chemokines in splenic organization and lymphocyte migration and their roles in germinal center development.
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Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19
Cell, 2020Ciputra Hartana +2 more
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