Results 171 to 180 of about 2,686 (200)

Holins: The Protein Clocks of Bacteriophage Infections

Annual Review of Microbiology, 2000
▪ Abstract  Two proteins, an endolysin and a holin, are essential for host lysis by bacteriophage. Endolysin is the term for muralytic enzymes that degrade the cell wall; endolysins accumulate in the cytosol fully folded during the vegetative cycle. Holins are small membrane proteins that accumulate in the membrane until, at a specific time that is ...
Ry Young, Ing-Nang Wang
exaly   +4 more sources

Holins: Form and Function in Bacteriophage Lysis

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 1995
During the lytic cycle of most bacteriophages, a phage-encoded peptidoglycan-degrading activity is elaborated. At least four entirely distinct types of enzymes fulfill this role and are given the generic name 'endolysin'. Endolysins characterized to date are synthesized without a signal sequence and thus accumulate fully folded and active in the ...
Ry Young, Udo Bläsi
exaly   +7 more sources

Endolysins, Depolymerases, Holins, and VALs: Phage-Derived Proteins for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.

Microbial Drug Resistance
The global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has renewed interest in bacteriophage-derived enzymes as alternative antibacterials. Phage-encoded lytic proteins-including holins, endolysins, polysaccharide depolymerases, and virion-associated ...
Sousan Akrami, Farzaneh Rafiee
exaly   +2 more sources

Contribution of Holins to Protein Trafficking: Secretion, Leakage or Lysis?

Trends in Microbiology, 2012
Mickael Desvaux
exaly   +2 more sources

Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues With Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. [PDF]

Journal of Bacteriology, 2015
Holins form pores in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria for the primary purpose of releasing endolysins that hydrolyze the cell wall and induce cell death.
Milton H Saier, Bhaskara L Reddy
exaly   +2 more sources

Bacteriophage Holins and Their Membrane-Disrupting Activity

2009
María Gasset
exaly   +2 more sources

Holin‐assisted bacterial recombinant protein export

Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2022
AbstractA simple generic method for enhancing extracellular protein yields in engineered bacteria is still lacking. Here, we demonstrated that phage‐encoded holin can be used to export proteins to the extracellular medium in both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and ‐positive Lactococcus lactis.
Tingting Guo, Yue Cui, Lingwen Zhang, Xiaoning Xu, Zhenxiang Xu, Jian Kong   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Bacteriophage endolysins--current state of research and applications.

Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2005
Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes that break down bacterial peptidoglycan at the terminal stage of the phage reproduction cycle. Their action is tightly regulated by holins, by membrane arrest, and by conversion from their inactive to active state ...
M. Loessner
semanticscholar   +2 more sources

Genetic analysis of the T4 holin: timing and topology

Gene, 2001
The t protein of bacteriophage T4 shares with other holins the ability to cause the formation of a lethal membrane lesion which allows the phage endolysin to attack the peptidoglycan. Moreover, T, like other holins, acts in a saltatory manner at a precisely programmed time in the vegetative cycle.
E, Ramanculov, R, Young
openaire   +2 more sources