Results 251 to 260 of about 922,924 (304)

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and the Fetus

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 2018
Glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisol in humans, influence multiple essential maturational events during gestation. In the human fetus, fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, fetal adrenal steroidogenesis, placental 11β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity, maternal cortisol concentrations, and environmental factors impact fetal ...
Amr, Morsi, Donald, DeFranco, Selma F, Witchel   +2 more
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The Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis in Autoimmunity

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1997
We have characterized the activation of the HPA axis in the chronic inflammatory stress model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Alteration in the hypothalamic control mechanism, where CRF is no longer the major corticotrophin-releasing factor, has been noted in a number of other immune-mediated disease models, including experimental allergic ...
M S, Harbuz, G L, Conde, O, Marti, S L, Lightman, D S, Jessop   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The minimal model of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Journal of Mathematical Biology, 2010
This paper concerns ODE modeling of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA axis) using an analytical and numerical approach, combined with biological knowledge regarding physiological mechanisms and parameters. The three hormones, CRH, ACTH, and cortisol, which interact in the HPA axis are modeled as a system of three coupled, nonlinear ...
Vinther, Frank, Andersen, Morten; id_orcid 0000-0001-7582-0685, Ottesen, Johnny T.   +2 more
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Orexins in the Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Pharmacological Reviews, 2006
Orexin-A and orexin-B are hypothalamic peptides that act via two G protein-coupled receptors, named orexin type 1 and type 2 receptors (OX1-Rs and OX2-Rs). The most studied biological functions of orexins are the central control of feeding and sleep, but in the past few years findings that orexin system modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
SPINAZZI, RAFFAELLA, ANDREIS, GIACOMINA PAOLA, ROSSI, GIANPAOLO, NUSDORFER, GASTONE   +3 more
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The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in critical illness

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 2007
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function is crucial to maintain and restore homeostasis. The HPA axis does not function in isolation. Rather, the HPA axis modulates and reacts to signals from endocrine, neural, and immune systems. Cortisol is the major glucocorticoid secreted by the human adrenal cortex.
Shekhar, Venkataraman, Ricardo, Munoz, Cristina, Candido, Selma Feldman, Witchel   +3 more
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system.

Acta neurologica, 1994
Complex and bidirectional relationships operate between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system (IS) and either in vivo or in vitro evidence supports a physiological role of the HPA axis-IS network. A part of the well-known pharmacological effects of glucocorticoid hormones (GC) as immunodepressive agents, the direct effects
SAVASTANO, SILVIA, TOMMASELLI, ANTONIO PASQUALE, VALENTINO, Rossella, M. T. Scarpitta, G. D'Amore, A. Luciano, COVELLI, VITO, LOMBARDI, GAETANO   +7 more
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The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in asthmatic children

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2008
Reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with various chronic allergic inflammatory disorders and a blunted HPA axis response of poorly controlled asthmatics before long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been reported. It seems that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in
Kostas N, Priftis, Anastasios, Papadimitriou, Polyxeni, Nicolaidou, George P, Chrousos   +3 more
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

2018
Increased adrenocortical secretion of hormones, primarily cortisol in depression, is one of the most consistent findings in neuropsychiatry. The maintenance of the internal homeostatic state of an individual is facilitated by the ability to circulate glucocorticoids to exert negative feedback on the secretion of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA ...
Allan H. Young, Mario F. Juruena
openaire   +1 more source

Effects of cocaine on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2014
Cocaine hydrochloride is a psychoactive substance extracted from the leaves of plants called Erythroxylum coca. Cocaine is the second most commonly used drug in the world after cannabis; 20 % of cocaine users will become long-term cocaine-dependent patients.
L, Manetti, F, Cavagnini, E, Martino, A, Ambrogio   +3 more
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The Effects of Antidepressants on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Drug News & Perspectives, 2006
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been found in some psychiatric disorders, especially in older patients with severe depression. Altered feedback inhibition, as demonstrated by increased circulating cortisol and nonsuppresssion of cortisol following administration of dexamethasone, may be to blame.
Mason, B L, Pariante, C M
openaire   +3 more sources