Results 31 to 40 of about 659,182 (259)

The Role of the Innate Immune System in ALS [PDF]

open access: yesFrontiers in Pharmacology, 2012
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons. Recent studies have made it clear that although motor neurons are the primary targets of the degenerative process, other cell types play key roles in the death of motor neurons.
Phani, Sudarshan   +2 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals

open access: yesFrontiers in Microbiology, 2020
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular and eukaryotic pathogens that can infect immunocompromised and immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Both innate and adaptive immune systems play important roles against microsporidian infection.
Yinze Han   +17 more
doaj   +1 more source

A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish

open access: yesFrontiers in Immunology, 2019
The immune system is composed of two subsystems—the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and does not retain memory of previous responses.
Nicole C. Smith   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Defective apoptotic cell clearance activates innate immune response to protect Caenorhabditis elegans against pathogenic bacteria

open access: yesVirulence, 2021
Appropriate clearance of dead cells generated by apoptosis is critical to the development of multicellular organisms and tissue homeostasis. In mammals, the removal of apoptotic cell is mediated by polarized monocyte/macrophage populations of the innate ...
Jinlong Wan   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Die Kämpfe únd schláchten—the struggles and battles of innate-like effector T lymphocytes with microbes

open access: yesFrontiers in Immunology, 2023
The large majority of lymphocytes belong to the adaptive immune system, which are made up of B2 B cells and the αβ T cells; these are the effectors in an adaptive immune response.
Sebastian Joyce   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Four Pathways Involving Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia

open access: yesFrontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2015
The maternal innate immune system plays an important role both in normal pregnancy as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia (PE).
Kelsey R Bounds   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Interaction between Cannabinoid System and Toll-Like Receptors Controls Inflammation

open access: yesMediators of Inflammation, 2016
Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system consisting of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands, and biosynthetic and metabolizing enzymes, interest has been renewed in investigating the promise of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents.
Kathleen L. McCoy
doaj   +1 more source

Memory and Specificity in the Insect Immune System: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges

open access: yesFrontiers in Immunology, 2017
The immune response of a host to a pathogen is typically described as either innate or adaptive. The innate form of the immune response is conserved across all organisms, including insects.
Dustin Cooper, Ioannis Eleftherianos
doaj   +1 more source

Planarians (Platyhelminthes)—An Emerging Model Organism for Investigating Innate Immune Mechanisms

open access: yesFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021
An organism responds to the invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi by engaging innate and adaptive immune system, which functions by activating various signal transduction pathways. As invertebrate organisms (such as sponges,
Luis Johnson Kangale   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System [PDF]

open access: yesScience, 2010
Twenty years after the proposal that pattern recognition receptors detect invasion by microbial pathogens, the field of immunology has witnessed several discoveries that have elucidated receptors and signaling pathways of microbial recognition systems and how they control the generation of T and B lymphocyte–mediated immune responses.
Akiko, Iwasaki, Ruslan, Medzhitov
openaire   +2 more sources

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