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The road to optogenetics: Microbial rhodopsins
Biochemistry (Moscow), 2016Optogenetics technology (using light-sensitive microbial proteins to control animal cell physiology) is becoming increasingly popular in laboratories around the world. Among these proteins, particularly important are rhodopsins that transport ions across the membrane and are used in optogenetics to regulate membrane potential by light, mostly in ...
E G, Govorunova, L A, Koppel
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Photochemistry of the Retinal Chromophore in Microbial Rhodopsins
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2023Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins of microorganisms that express diverse photobiological functions. All-trans-retinylidene Schiff base, the so-called all-trans-retinal, is a chromophore of microbial rhodopsins, which captures photons. It isomerizes into the 13-cis form upon photoexcitation.
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Optogenetic control of plant growth by a microbial rhodopsin
Nature Plants, 2021While rhodopsin-based optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience1,2, poor expression of opsins and the absence of the essential cofactor all-trans-retinal has complicated the application of rhodopsins in plants. Here, we demonstrate retinal production in plants and improved rhodopsin targeting for green light manipulation of plant cells using the ...
Yang Zhou +11 more
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Molecular Biology of Microbial Rhodopsins
2022Research on type 1 rhodopsins spans now a history of 50 years. Originally, just archaeal ion pumps and sensors have been discovered. However, with modern genetic techniques and gene sequencing tools, more and more proteins were identified in all kingdoms of life. Spectroscopic and other biophysical studies revealed quite diverse functions.
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Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy on Microbial Rhodopsins
2022Microbial rhodopsins represent the most abundant phototrophic systems known today. A similar molecular architecture with seven transmembrane helices and a retinal cofactor linked to a lysine in helix 7 enables a wide range of functions including ion pumping, light-controlled ion channel gating, or sensing.
Clara Nassrin, Kriebel +2 more
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The multitalented microbial sensory rhodopsins
Trends in Microbiology, 2006Sensory rhodopsins are photoactive, membrane-embedded seven-transmembrane helix receptors that use retinal as a chromophore. They are widespread in the microbial world in each of the three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. A striking characteristic of these photoreceptors is their different modes of signaling in different organisms ...
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Measuring Membrane Voltage with Microbial Rhodopsins
2013Membrane voltage (Vm) is a fundamental biological parameter that is essential for neuronal communication, cardiac activity, transmembrane transport, regulation of signaling, and bacterial motility. Optical measurements of Vm promise new insights into how voltage propagates within and between cells, but effective optical contrast agents have been ...
Adam E, Cohen, Daniel R, Hochbaum
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Photoreversible Reactions of Visual and Microbial Rhodopsins
Biochemistry (Moscow)The review discusses experimental findings and theoretical studies of photoreversible transformations of retinal-containing proteins (rhodopsins). Understanding these processes is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of photochemical and conformational transformations of these proteins.
Mikhail A, Ostrovsky +2 more
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Microbial rhodopsins: functional versatility and genetic mobility
Trends in Microbiology, 2006The type 1 (microbial) rhodopsins are a diverse group of photochemically reactive proteins that span the three domains of life. Their broad phylogenetic distribution has motivated conjecture that rhodopsin-like functionality was present in the last common ancestor of all life.
Adrian K, Sharma +2 more
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Microbial Sensory Rhodopsins: Photochemistry and Function
Israel Journal of Chemistry, 1995AbstractThe review covers recent progress on microbial sensory rhodopsins, visual pigment‐like retinylidene photoreceptors that function in phototaxis by archaeons, such asHalobacterium salinarium, and by unicellular eukaryotic algae, such asChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Six demonstrably different sensory rhodopsins are known in halophilic archaea.
John L. Spudich +2 more
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