Results 91 to 100 of about 294,817 (379)

Detrimental and protective action of microglial extracellular vesicles on myelin lesions: astrocyte involvement in remyelination failure

Acta Neuropathologica, 2019
Microglia are highly plastic immune cells which exist in a continuum of activation states. By shaping the function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), the brain cells which differentiate to myelin-forming cells, microglia participate in both ...
Marta Lombardi, Roberta Parolisi, Federica Scaroni, E. Bonfanti, A. Gualerzi, M. Gabrielli, N. Kerlero de Rosbo, A. Uccelli, P. Giussani, P. Viani, C. Garlanda, M. Abbracchio, L. Chaabane, A. Buffo, M. Fumagalli, C. Verderio   +15 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Cervical Spinal Cord Magnetization Transfer Ratio and Its Relationship With Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective The cervical spinal cord (cSC) is highly relevant to clinical dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) but remains understudied using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), a semi‐quantitative MRI measure sensitive to MS‐related tissue microstructural changes, in the cSC and its ...
Lisa Eunyoung Lee, Julien Cohen‐Adad, Irene M. Vavasour, Melanie Guenette, Katherine Sawicka, Neda Rashidi‐Ranjbar, Nathan Churchill, Akash Chopra, Adelia Adelia, Pierre‐Louis Benveniste, Anthony Traboulsee, Nathalie Arbour, Fabrizio Giuliani, Larry D. Lynd, Scott B. Patten, Alexandre Prat, Alice Schabas, Penelope Smyth, Roger Tam, Yunyan Zhang, Simon J. Graham, Mojgan Hodaie, Anthony Feinstein, Shannon Kolind, Tom A. Schweizer, Jiwon Oh, CanProCo Study Group   +26 more
wiley   +1 more source

Thinning of originally-existing, mature myelin represents a nondestructive form of myelin loss in the adult CNS

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
The main function of oligodendrocytes is to assemble and maintain myelin that wraps and insulates axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, myelin structure, particularly its thickness, was believed to remain remarkably stable in ...
Min Li Lin, Min Li Lin, Wensheng Lin, Wensheng Lin   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Loss of Myelin Basic Protein Function Triggers Myelin Breakdown in Models of Demyelinating Diseases

Cell Reports, 2016
Breakdown of myelin sheaths is a pathological hallmark of several autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. We employed autoantibody-mediated animal models of demyelinating diseases, including a rat model of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), to target myelin ...
Marie-Theres Weil, Wiebke Möbius, Anne Winkler, Torben Ruhwedel, Claudia Wrzos, Elisa Romanelli, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Lukas Enz, Norbert Goebels, Klaus-Armin Nave, Martin Kerschensteiner, Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers, Christine Stadelmann, Mikael Simons   +13 more
doaj   +1 more source

White matter abnormalities in the Hdc knockout mouse, a model of tic and OCD pathophysiology

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2022
IntroductionAn inactivating mutation in the histidine decarboxylase gene (Hdc) has been identified as a rare but high-penetrance genetic cause of Tourette syndrome (TS). TS is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by recurrent motor and vocal tics;
Kantiya Jindachomthong, Chengran Yang, Yuegao Huang, Daniel Coman, Maximiliano Rapanelli, Fahmeed Hyder, Fahmeed Hyder, Joseph Dougherty, Luciana Frick, Christopher Pittenger, Christopher Pittenger, Christopher Pittenger, Christopher Pittenger   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source

Studies on cultured Schwann cells: the induction of myelin synthesis, and the control of their proliferation by a new growth factor [PDF]

, 1981
We have recently described the use of immunological methods to identify and purify rat Schwann cells. In dissociated cultures of neonatal sciatic nerve, all of the cells can be identified by antigenic criteria as either Schwann cells or fibroblasts.
Brockes, J. P., Fryxell, K. J., Lemke, G. E.   +2 more
core  

Fixel‐Based Analysis of Diffusion Imaging as a Quantitative Marker of Disease State in Spinocerebellar Ataxia

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases causing progressive deterioration and reduced quality of life. Therapeutic advances have been limited by a lack of sensitive anatomic, functional, or diffusion imaging‐based biomarkers.
David J. Arpin, S. H. Subramony, the READISCA Consortium, David E. Vaillancourt, Tetsuo Ashizawa, Alexandra Durr, Thomas Mareci, Thomas Klockgether, Jennifer Faber, Henry L. Paulson, Gülin Öz, Matthew R. Burns   +11 more
wiley   +1 more source

Learning-related contraction of gray matter in rodent sensorimotor cortex is associated with adaptive myelination

eLife, 2022
From observations in rodents, it has been suggested that the cellular basis of learning-dependent changes, detected using structural MRI, may be increased dendritic spine density, alterations in astrocyte volume, and adaptations within intracortical ...
Tomas Mediavilla, Özgün Özalay, Héctor M Estévez-Silva, Bárbara Frias, Greger Orädd, Fahad R Sultan, Claudio Brozzoli, Benjamín Garzón, Martin Lövdén, Daniel J Marcellino   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

Are there optical communication channels in the brain?

, 2017
Despite great progress in neuroscience, there are still fundamental unanswered questions about the brain, including the origin of subjective experience and consciousness. Some answers might rely on new physical mechanisms. Given that biophotons have been
Barclay, Paul, Kumar, Sourabh, Simon, Christoph, Tuszynski, Jack, Zarkeshian, Parisa   +4 more
core   +1 more source

The Axon-Myelin Unit in Development and Degenerative Disease

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018
Axons are electrically excitable, cable-like neuronal processes that relay information between neurons within the nervous system and between neurons and peripheral target tissues.
Ruth M. Stassart, W. Möbius, K. Nave, J. Edgar   +3 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source