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Guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection for facial contouring.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2022SUMMARY The hypertrophied temporalis and masseter muscles give a muscular shaped and bulky contour to the face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, adverse effects have been reported owing to a lack of
Kyu-Ho Yi +4 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Facial Plastic Surgery, 2019
AbstractBotulinum toxin is integral to the practice of facial plastic surgery. Since it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the temporary improvement of glabellar rhytids in 2002, botulinum toxin has achieved a growing number of off-label clinical applications. These include the management of facial rhytids, brow ptosis, excessive
Adrian A. Ong, David A. Sherris
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AbstractBotulinum toxin is integral to the practice of facial plastic surgery. Since it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the temporary improvement of glabellar rhytids in 2002, botulinum toxin has achieved a growing number of off-label clinical applications. These include the management of facial rhytids, brow ptosis, excessive
Adrian A. Ong, David A. Sherris
openaire +2 more sources
Neurotoxins Affecting Neuroexocytosis [PDF]
Physiological Reviews, 2000 Nerve terminals are specific sites of action of a very large number of toxins produced by many different organisms. The mechanism of action of three groups of presynaptic neurotoxins that interfere directly with the process of neurotransmitter release is reviewed, whereas presynaptic neurotoxins acting on ion channels are not dealt with here.
SCHIAVO G. +2 more
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Clinical Toxicology, 1981
Nonprotein neurotoxins are continuing to play a major role as molecular probes in studying nervous processes. They also have clinical importance as some of them, such as saxitoxin and its analogues, are the source of public health problems, or have potential use in therapy.
D J, Bower +3 more
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Nonprotein neurotoxins are continuing to play a major role as molecular probes in studying nervous processes. They also have clinical importance as some of them, such as saxitoxin and its analogues, are the source of public health problems, or have potential use in therapy.
D J, Bower +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Neurologic Clinics, 2000
The authors divide biological toxins into animal, plant, and bacterial classes and discuss each within a context of demographic, clinical and research examples. Advances in our knowledge are highlighted, and the authors relate the implications of this knowledge to target-specific neurologic involvement.
C G, Goetz, E, Meisel
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The authors divide biological toxins into animal, plant, and bacterial classes and discuss each within a context of demographic, clinical and research examples. Advances in our knowledge are highlighted, and the authors relate the implications of this knowledge to target-specific neurologic involvement.
C G, Goetz, E, Meisel
openaire +2 more sources
Toxicon, 2013
α-Neurotoxins have been isolated from hydrophid, elapid and, more recently, colubrid snake venoms. Also referred to as postsynaptic neurotoxins or 'curare mimetic' neurotoxins, they play an important role in the capture and/or killing of prey by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the skeletal muscle disrupting neurotransmission.
Barber, Carmel M. +2 more
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α-Neurotoxins have been isolated from hydrophid, elapid and, more recently, colubrid snake venoms. Also referred to as postsynaptic neurotoxins or 'curare mimetic' neurotoxins, they play an important role in the capture and/or killing of prey by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the skeletal muscle disrupting neurotransmission.
Barber, Carmel M. +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Presynaptic enzymatic neurotoxins
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2006AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium are the most toxic proteins known, with mouse LD50 values in the 1–5 ng/kg range, and are solely responsible for the pathophysiology of botulism. These metalloproteinases enter peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and cleave proteins of the neuroexocytosis apparatus,
ROSSETTO, ORNELLA +4 more
openaire +5 more sources