Translational buffering by ribosome stalling in upstream open reading frames. [PDF]
PLoS Genetics, 2022 Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are present in over half of all human mRNAs. uORFs can potently regulate the translation of downstream open reading frames through several mechanisms: siphoning away scanning ribosomes, regulating re-initiation, and ...
Ty A Bottorff +3 more
doaj +4 more sources
Small open reading frames: a comparative genetics approach to validation [PDF]
BMC Genomics, 2023 Open reading frames (ORFs) with fewer than 100 codons are generally not annotated in genomes, although bona fide genes of that size are known. Newer biochemical studies have suggested that thousands of small protein-coding ORFs (smORFs) may exist in the ...
Niyati Jain +4 more
doaj +4 more sources
Identification of short open reading frames in plant genomes [PDF]
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023 The roles of short/small open reading frames (sORFs) have been increasingly recognized in recent years due to the rapidly growing number of sORFs identified in various organisms due to the development and application of the Ribo-Seq technique, which ...
Yong Feng +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Integrated workflow for discovery of microprotein-coding small open reading frames [PDF]
STAR Protocols, 2023 Summary: Small open reading frame (smORF)-encoded microproteins, proteins containing less than 100–150 amino acids, are an emerging class of functional biomolecules.
Kevin Cao +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Extensive translation of small Open Reading Frames revealed by Poly-Ribo-Seq [PDF]
eLife, 2014 Thousands of small Open Reading Frames (smORFs) with the potential to encode small peptides of fewer than 100 amino acids exist in our genomes. However, the number of smORFs actually translated, and their molecular and functional roles are still unclear.
Julie L Aspden +6 more
doaj +4 more sources
Gene expression regulation by upstream open reading frames and human disease. [PDF]
PLoS Genetics, 2013 Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are major gene expression regulatory elements. In many eukaryotic mRNAs, one or more uORFs precede the initiation codon of the main coding region.
Cristina Barbosa +2 more
doaj +5 more sources
OpenVar: functional annotation of variants in non-canonical open reading frames [PDF]
Cell & Bioscience, 2022 Background Recent technological advances have revealed thousands of functional open reading frames (ORF) that have eluded reference genome annotations. These overlooked ORFs are found throughout the genome, in any reading frame of transcripts, mature or ...
Marie A. Brunet +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Classification and function of small open reading frames [PDF]
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2017 Small open reading frames (smORFs) of 100 codons or fewer are usually - if arbitrarily - excluded from proteome annotations. Despite this, the genomes of many metazoans, including humans, contain millions of smORFs, some of which fulfil key physiological
Pedro Patraquim
exaly +3 more sources
Translational regulation of PKD1 by evolutionarily conserved upstream open reading frames [PDF]
RNA BiologyMutations in PKD1 coding sequence and abnormal PKD1 expression levels contribute to the development of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, the most common genetic disorder. Regulation of PKD1 expression by factors located in the promoter and 3´
Lei Chen +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Pervasiveness of Microprotein Function Amongst Drosophila Small Open Reading Frames (SMORFS) [PDF]
CellsSmall Open Reading Frames (smORFs) of less than 100 codons remain mostly uncharacterised. About a thousand smORFs per genome encode peptides and microproteins about 70–80 aa long, often containing recognisable protein structures and markers of ...
Ana Isabel Platero +4 more
doaj +2 more sources