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Protein import into chloroplasts [PDF]

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2002
Protein import into chloroplasts is a highly regulated process. The activity of the major import receptors is regulated by protein phosphorylation, as well as by GTP binding and hydrolysis. Complete translocation into the organelle could depend on its redox status, as sensed by the Tic complex.
Jürgen, Soll, Enrico, Schleiff
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Protein import into cyanelles

Trends in Plant Science, 2002
"Cyanelles" are peptidoglycan-armored plastids of glaucocystophyte algae with close morphological and biochemical resemblance to endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have placed cyanelles on the earliest branch of phototrophic eukaryotes after the singular primary endosymbiotic event, the closest relatives to ...
Jürgen M Steiner, Wolfgang Löffelhardt
exaly   +3 more sources

Protein import into chloroplasts

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 1999
Three proteins from the chloroplastic outer envelope membrane and four proteins from the inner envelope membrane have been identified as components of the chloroplastic protein import apparatus. Multiple molecular chaperones and a stromal processing peptidase are also important components of the import machinery. The interactions of these proteins with
K, Keegstra, J E, Froehlich
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Protein import into mitochondria

Biochemical Society Transactions, 2005
Mitochondria comprise approx. 1000–3000 different proteins, almost all of which must be imported from the cytosol into the organelle. So far, six complex molecular machines, protein translocases, were identified that mediate this process. The TIM23 complex is a major translocase in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D, Mokranjac, W, Neupert
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The Importance of Protein for Athletes

Sports Medicine, 1984
Although it is generally believed that carbohydrate and fat are the only sources of energy during physical activity, recent experimental results suggest that there are also significant alterations in protein metabolism during exercise. Depending on several factors, including intensity, duration and type of exercise, as well as prior diet, training ...
P W, Lemon, K E, Yarasheski, D G, Dolny
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PROTEIN IMPORT INTO MITOCHONDRIA

Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1997
Mitochondria import many hundreds of different proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes. These proteins are targeted to the mitochondria, translocated through the mitochondrial membranes, and sorted to the different mitochondrial subcompartments. Separate translocases in the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) and in the inner membrane (TIM ...
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Protein import into chloroplasts

Trends in Cell Biology, 1993
The structural complexity of chloroplasts is reflected in their intriguing protein-targeting system. Not only must nucleus-encoded proteins be targeted to the chloroplast, but also, once inside the chloroplast, these polypeptides must be directed to their final destination in one of six intrachloroplastic compartments.
S M, Theg, S V, Scott
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Mitochondrial Protein Import

1991
A dynamic picture of the mitochondrial protein import pathway is emerging, with conformational alteration a critical feature both preceding and following membrane translocation. The mediators of these steps of conformational alteration, as well as steps of recognition, translocation, and proteolytic cleavage, appear to be proteins. Using powerful tools
A L, Horwich, M, Cheng, A, West, R A, Pollock   +3 more
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Import of Proteins into Mitochondria

2007
Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basis of the in vitro mitochondrial import assay and the various questions that can be addressed by exploiting this technique. The characterization of the alternative import pathways has been greatly facilitated through the use of in vitro import studies. Through the incubation of isolated mitochondria
Stojanovski, Diana, Pfanner, Nikolaus, Wiedemann, Nils   +2 more
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Protein Import into Mitochondria

1988
Publisher Summary This chapter surveys and evaluates the findings to the identification of precursor forms of import proteins and describes the main stages in import, processing, and other posttranslational modifications into mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) encodes only a small minority of the several hundred proteins that go to make up this ...
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