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Proto-oncogenes II

Medical Hypotheses, 1988
In reviewing recent literature on activated proto-oncogenes including retroviral infection (without oncogene), translocation and inherited childhood cancer, I have come to the conclusion that activated proto-oncogenes are not involved in development of tumors. There is one exception in which a translocated proto-myc leads to transformation. That is the
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The mdm2 Proto-Oncogene

Leukemia & Lymphoma, 1997
The mouse double minute 2 (mdm2) proto-oncogene was originally discovered as one of three genes that was amplified in a tumorigenic cell line derived from non-transformed Balb/c cells. Consistent with the expression pattern of mdm2 in these cells, it was later shown that the transforming potential of the mdm2 proto-oncogene can be activated by ...
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Proto-Oncogenes And Cardiac Hypertrophy

Annual Review of Physiology, 1989
Generalized or focal myocardial hypenrophy is a component of most types of cardiac disease. Abnormalities of this growth process, which include in­ adequate, idiopathic, and pathological hypertrophy, have great clinical sig­ nificance. Postnatal heart enlargement is produced largely by increased size of striated muscle cells (hypertrophy) and increased
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Proto-oncogenes and cardiac development

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 1992
Proto-oncogene products participate in signaling processes that extend from the cell surface to the nucleus. Recent investigations have focused attention on the role that proto-oncogenes play in the proliferation, differentiation, and hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes.
N V, Matiuck, J L, Swain
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A function for the lck proto-oncogene

Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1989
Proto-oncogenes encode products that comprise a select group of cellular regulatory proteins whose mutation or aberrant expression can result in oncogenic transformation. With the exception of certain growth factors and their receptors, the definition of normal functions for most proto-oncogene products has been elusive.
J B, Bolen, A, Veillette
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Proto-oncogenes in mammalian development

Current Biology, 1992
The phenotypic analysis of mice carrying germline mutations in protooncogenes is beginning to provide convincing genetic evidence for the important role that these genes play in mammalian development and differentiation. Two approaches are being taken to elucidate the biological function of proto-oncogenes in vivo.
L M, Forrester, M, Brunkow, A, Bernstein
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Proto-Oncogenes and Human Cancers

New England Journal of Medicine, 1987
The idea that specific genes or groups of genes are responsible for the induction or maintenance of cancer is by no means new. Recent research efforts to understand such genetic sequences have focused on the study of cellular oncogenes or proto-oncogenes.
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The significance of proto-oncogenes in carcinogenesis

Medical Hypotheses, 1987
A survey of the literature on activated proto-oncogenes shows that they are involved in the development of cancer but apparently not in the initiation process. The review of Klein and Klein comes to conclusions in opposition to the review of Duesberg. I favor the latter here.
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The RET proto‐oncogene and cancer

Journal of Internal Medicine, 1995
Abstract. The RET proto‐oncogene, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been evaluated as a candidate gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and type 2B (MEN 2A and MEN 2B), for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), and for sporadic cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytomas. We determined the genomic structure of RET and
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Proto‐oncogenes in cell differentiation

BioEssays, 1990
AbstractProto‐oncogene products may be multi‐functional proteins with various roles in cell differentiation as well as cell proliferation. The molecular biology of the gene products of three well characterized proto‐oncogenes (c‐fos, c‐myc and c‐src) are described, and the roles of three other proto‐oncogene products, involved in hormone and growth ...
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