Results 111 to 120 of about 5,958,314 (335)

Retrospective Inference as a Form of Bounded Rationality, and Its Beneficial Influence on Learning

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Probabilistic models of cognition typically assume that agents make inferences about current states by combining new sensory information with fixed beliefs about the past, an approach known as Bayesian filtering. This is computationally parsimonious, but,
Thomas H. B. FitzGerald, Thomas H. B. FitzGerald, Thomas H. B. FitzGerald, Will D. Penny, Will D. Penny, Heidi M. Bonnici, Rick A. Adams, Rick A. Adams, Rick A. Adams   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Dopaminergic and Non-Dopaminergic Value Systems in Conditioning and Outcome-Specific Revaluation [PDF]

, 2007
Animals are motivated to choose environmental options that can best satisfy current needs. To explain such choices, this paper introduces the MOTIVATOR (Matching Objects To Internal Values Triggers Option Revaluations) neural model.
Bullock, Daniel, Dranias, Mark R., Grossberg, Stephen   +2 more
core   +1 more source

Dynamic perceptual feature selectivity in primary somatosensory cortex upon reversal learning

Nature Communications, 2019
Neurons in primary sensory cortex encode a variety of stimulus features upon perceptual learning. However, it is unclear whether the acquired stimulus selectivity remains stable when the same input is perceived in a different context.
Ronan Chéreau, Tanika Bawa, Leon Fodoulian, A. Carleton, S. Pagès, A. Holtmaat   +5 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Super‐Refractory Status Epilepticus (SRSE) in a Patient With Compound Heterozygous OPA1 Variants: Case Report and Literature Review

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective Super‐Refractory Status Epilepticus (SRSE) is a rare, life‐threatening neurological emergency with unclear etiology in many cases. Mitochondrial dysfunction, often due to disease‐causing genetic variants, is increasingly recognized as a cause, with each gene producing distinct pathophysiological mechanisms.
Pouria Mohammadi, Lara Basovic, Christopher Michael McGraw   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Applying an Ethical Lens to the Treatment of People With Multiple Sclerosis

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT The practice of neurology requires an understanding of clinical ethics for decision‐making. In multiple sclerosis (MS) care, there are a wide range of ethical considerations that may arise. These involve shared decision‐making around selection of a disease‐modifying therapy (DMT), risks and benefits of well‐studied medications in comparison to
Methma Udawatta, Farrah J. Mateen
wiley   +1 more source

Transcranial Direct Corrent stimulation (tDCS) of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) modulates reinforcement learning and decision-making under uncertainty: A doubleblind crossover study [PDF]

, 2017
Reinforcement learning refers to the ability to acquire information from the outcomes of prior choices (i.e. positive and negative) in order to make predictions on the effect of future decision and adapt the behaviour basing on past experiences.
Amodio, Piero, Bisiacchi, Patrizia, Caregaro Negrin, Lorenza, Casula, Elias Paolo, Imperato, Gerardo, Montagnese, Sara, Schiff, Sami, Testa, Giulia   +7 more
core   +1 more source

Cognition in the field: comparison of reversal learning performance in captive and wild passerines

Scientific Reports, 2017
Animal cognitive abilities have traditionally been studied in the lab, but studying cognition in nature could provide several benefits including reduced stress and reduced impact on life-history traits.
M. Cauchoix, E. Hermer, A. Chaine, A. Chaine, J. Morand‐Ferron   +4 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Value of MRI Outcomes for Preventive and Early‐Stage Trials in Spinocerebellar Ataxias 1 and 3

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective To examine the value of MRI outcomes as endpoints for preventive and early‐stage trials of two polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Methods A cohort of 100 participants (23 SCA1, 63 SCA3, median Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score = 5, 42% preataxic, and 14 gene‐negative controls) was scanned at 3T up ...
Thiago J. R. Rezende, Emilien Petit, Young Woo Park, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, James M. Joers, Jonathan M. DuBois, H. Moore Arnold, Michal Povazan, Ipek Özdemir, Guita Banan, Romain Valabregue, Philipp Ehses, Jennifer Faber, Chiadi U. Onyike, Peter B. Barker, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Eva‐Maria Ratai, Sub H. Subramony, Thomas H. Mareci, Khalaf O. Bushara, Henry Paulson, Thomas Klockgether, Alexandra Durr, Tetsuo Ashizawa, Christophe Lenglet, Gülin Öz, READISCA Investigators   +26 more
wiley   +1 more source

Sex-Dependent Effects of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Sodium Valproate, on Reversal Learning After Developmental Arsenic Exposure

Frontiers in Genetics, 2018
Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to arsenic in drinking water adversely affects brain development and cognitive function in adulthood.
Christina R. Steadman Tyler, Jane J. W. Smoake, Elizabeth R. Solomon, Estrella Villicana, Kevin K. Caldwell, Andrea M. Allan   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Partition MCMC for inference on acyclic digraphs

, 2015
Acyclic digraphs are the underlying representation of Bayesian networks, a widely used class of probabilistic graphical models. Learning the underlying graph from data is a way of gaining insights about the structural properties of a domain.
Kuipers, Jack, Moffa, Giusi
core   +2 more sources