Results 211 to 220 of about 9,767,318 (248)

State of the Field: Royal Studies and Court Studies

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Monarchy, as the world's oldest and most enduring form of political organization, is an area that has attracted the attention of scholars from a range of disciplines. Two connected and complementary fields embody this interdisciplinary study of monarchy and monarchies: royal studies, which takes an all‐encompassing approach to monarchy, and ...
Jonathan Spangler, Elena Woodacre
wiley   +1 more source

School Board Elections in England and Wales, 1870–1902: An Electoral Experiment?

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The 1870 Elementary Education Act enabled the creation of school boards in England and Wales. Members were directly elected by the cumulative vote. This method gave each individual voter as many votes as there were seats on a school board, in some cases up to fifteen.
ED GREEN
wiley   +1 more source

Working‐Class Muscles? Co‐Operative Gyms in Interwar Britain

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The Health & Strength League's network of co‐operative gymnasiums constituted one of interwar Britain's most significant yet overlooked physical culture institutions, affiliating over 800 gyms across Britain and Ireland by 1939. Drawing on Health & Strength magazine's editorial content and reader contributions, this article argues that these ...
CONOR HEFFERNAN
wiley   +1 more source

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

The Momentum of ‘Developed’: Bodies of Water, Aging Bodies and Malta's Interventions at the UN

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Histories of major powers continue to shape how many scholars conceptualize internationalism. By focusing on Malta's interventions at the UN challenges, this article challenges such narrative. In particular, it examines Arvid Pardo's 1967 petition that the seabed be reconceived and protected as the ‘common heritage of mankind’ and Vincent ...
Brianne Wesolowski
wiley   +1 more source

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