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How to create thinking environments in doctoral and research supervision. [PDF]

open access: yesDiscov Educ
Hopkins P   +6 more
europepmc   +1 more source

Shadow employment in post-transition—Is informal employment a matter of choice or no choice in Poland? [PDF]

open access: yesJournal of Socio-Economics, 2010
Abstract According to a dualistic view, shadow employment may follow from two main labour market failures: (i) official market labour taxation distortions make it ineffective for some agents to engage in registered employment due to a tax wedge; or (ii) for some workers regular employment may be unattainable do to some high access costs or demand ...
Joanna Tyrowicz, Stanisław Cichocki
exaly   +3 more sources

Shadow Employment and Labor Productivity Dynamics

Labour, 2007
Abstract.  This paper offers theoretical and empirical insights on the anecdotal ‘buffer hypothesis’, i.e. the view that the shadow employment functions as an improper tool for increasing the labor market flexibility. Official data for Italy support the premise.
exaly   +2 more sources

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