Results 231 to 240 of about 257,409 (278)
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An Innovative Cold Tail-Flick Test
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1995An innovative antinociceptive test, the cold ethanol tail-flick test (CET), was developed for evaluating the actions of opioid analgesics. To select an optimal operation temperature range for the CET, temperatures from -5 degrees C to -30 degrees C were screened.
J J, Wang, S T, Ho, O Y, Hu, K M, Chu
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A fictive tail flick reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1985The discharges of motor axons participating in the tail flick reflex were recorded from nerve filaments innervating the medial longissimus muscles of anesthetized rats. The reflex discharges evoked by stimulation of the tail with either noxious radiant heat or pinch were recorded before and after paralysis of the animals.
C L, Cargill, J L, Steinman, W D, Willis
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Journal of Experimental Biology, 2003
![Figure][1] Unlike their fire-breathing counterparts, Jacky dragons are rather gentle lizards. These dragons spend most of their lives perched in trees waiting to trap a passing morsel. But they don't take kindly to intruders.
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![Figure][1] Unlike their fire-breathing counterparts, Jacky dragons are rather gentle lizards. These dragons spend most of their lives perched in trees waiting to trap a passing morsel. But they don't take kindly to intruders.
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Tail-flick related activity in medullospinal neurons
Brain Research, 1984Using the classification system of Fields et al. 131 neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) of lightly anesthetized rats were divided into 3 groups according to their response during tail-flick (TF) testing: those with an abrupt increase in activity prior to TF (on-cells); those with a sudden pause in activity prior to TF (off-cells); those ...
H, Vanegas, N M, Barbaro, H L, Fields
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Naltrexone and the tail flick reflex
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1981Rats who received a tail flick test following repeated injections of 5 mg/kg of morphine were significantly more tolerant than rats who were not tested after each injection. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg of naltrexone hydrochloride, prior to the morphine injections, prevented the development of tolerance, increased analgesic latencies and abolished the ...
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A simple microcomputer interface for tail-flick determination
Journal of Pharmacological Methods, 1988An inexpensive means of tail-flick latency data acquisition and analysis using an Apple IIe microcomputer and three simple interface circuits is described. Descriptions of the software and hardware are provided with schematics and program listings. The measurement, storage, and analysis of the data are integrated in one system.
D P, Harris, R, Burton, J G, Sinclair
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Mechanisms of the Crayfish Tail Flick
Nature, 1967THE escape reaction of the crayfish consists of a rapid backward swimming movement brought about by powerful flexion of the abdomen. In the course of a primarily anatomical re-investigation (as yet unpublished) of the musculature responsible for this flexion in the crayfish Procambarus clarki, it was observed that some 40 percent of the cross-sectional
M. D. RAYNER, C. A. G. WIERSMA
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Assembly of an inexpensive tail flick analgesia meter
Journal of Pharmacological Methods, 1981Abstract The construction of an inexpensive (⋍$100) digital tail flick analgesia meter is described. The design incorporates a projection lamp as the radiant heat source and automatic timing of the tail flick. Its use in assessing nitrous oxide analgesia in rats is described.
J A, Owen +3 more
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Study of the Cognitive Component of Nociception by the Tail Flick Method
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2009The possibility of using the tail flick test as a model for studies of the cognitive component of nociception in rats was evaluated. The results were compared with the data of active avoidance test in a shuttle chamber. The results demonstrate the methodological potentialities of the tail flick test as a convenient model for training of animals in ...
E V, Nikenina, Yu B, Abramov
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The functions of tail flicking in birds: A meta-analysis
Avian Biology Research, 2020Tail flicking is a common behavior that can be observed in many bird species. Various studies have investigated this behavior in different contexts such as during foraging, social interactions, or during predator–prey interactions. Nonetheless, there has been no statistical synthesis of results concerning the most commonly hypothesized functions of ...
Christoph Randler, Nadine Kalb
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