Results 241 to 250 of about 257,409 (278)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
Design for an inexoensive unit for measuring tail flick latencies
Journal of Pharmacological Methods, 1981A reflex action timer for use in rat tail flick tests is described. This timer utilizes a photoelectric sensor to detect reaction times accurately. It was designed to avoid the sensing groove required in some other such units, can be used as a chronometer/controller in a number of other experimental paradigms, and can be built at low cost.
G, Isabel, D M, Wright, J L, Henry
openaire +2 more sources
Evidence for conditioned tolerance of the tail flick reflex
Behavioral and Neural Biology, 1980Behavioral tolerance of the tail flick reflex to the analgesic action of morphine was significantly modified by the context in which the reflex was assessed. Animals tested in a familiar environment, in which they had regularly received the drug, were significantly more tolerant than animals tested in a novel environment in which the drug had never ...
openaire +2 more sources
The differential influences of melanocortins on nociception in the formalin and tail flick tests
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2006Melanocortins exert multiple physiological effects that include the modulation of immune responses, inflammation processes, and pain transmission. In the present study we investigated the peripheral activity of natural melanocortins - alpha-, beta-, gamma1- and gamma2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) - and melanocortin receptor subtypes 3 and 4 ...
Liga, Zvejniece +4 more
openaire +2 more sources
Influence of 6-hydroxydopamine on the effect of morphine on the tail-flick latency
Psychopharmacologia, 1973One week following the intraventricular administration on successive days of two doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (0.1–1 mg/kg) to rats, the norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) contents in the brain were markedly decreased. These treatments potentiated the effect of morphine on the tail-flick latency after intraperitoneal or intraventricular ...
K, Nakamura +4 more
openaire +2 more sources
Antinociceptive Effects of Phenobarbital in ???Tail-Flick??? Test and Deafferentation Pain
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1992Deafferentation pain has been related to abnormal electrical hyperactivity in the neurons of the sensory relays in the central nervous system. This electrical activity resembles the epileptoid pattern observed in experimental epileptoid foci. With the aim of preventing this hyperactivity, rats were given long-term treatment with phenobarbital after ...
J M, González-Darder +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Centrifugal modulation of the rat tail flick reflex evoked by graded noxious heating of the tail
Brain Research, 1986Centrifugal modulation from the midbrain, pons and medulla of the spinal nociceptive tail flick (TF) reflex evoked by graded noxious heating of the tail was studied in lightly pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats. In initial experiments, the relationship between the intensity of the noxious thermal stimulus and the TF latency was characterized. The thermal
T J, Ness, G F, Gebhart
openaire +2 more sources
Inhibition of the tail flick reflex following microinjection of morphine into the amygdala
NeuroReport, 1993Recent evidence indicates that the amygdala plays a critical role in the activation of brain stem antinociceptive systems during stress. In the present experiment, bilateral microinjection of morphine sulfate (10 micrograms) into the amygdala of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats resulted in a time-dependent elevation in latency of the tail flick reflex ...
F J, Helmstetter +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Lesions of the amygdala block conditional hypoalgesia on the tail flick test
Brain Research, 1993Exposure to an innocuous stimulus that has been paired with footshock during Pavlovian conditioning results in the activation of descending antinociceptive systems in the rat. Several recent studies indicate that the hypoalgesia observed when contextual stimuli are paired with shock and the formalin test is used to measure antinociception depends on ...
F J, Helmstetter, P S, Bellgowan
openaire +2 more sources
Effects of substance P analogues in the rat tail-flick test
European Journal of Pharmacology, 1987Five substance P (SP) analogues which antagonize tachykinins on isolated organs were studied using the tail-flick test. None antagonized the nociceptive effect of 1.9 nmol of physalaemin when studied at the concentrations of 6.5 and 65.0 nmol. [D-alpha Npa7,9,10]SP (65.0 nmol) produced a flaccid paralysis of the hindlimbs and the tail in 2 out of 9 ...
R, Couture, E, Escher, D, Regoli
openaire +2 more sources
Ethology, 2008
AbstractTesting the functional significance of antipredator behaviors is exceedingly difficult given their potential dual functions (i.e., conspecific warning and pursuit deterrence), and this task is made even more difficult when the same term is used to describe different behavioral patterns by different authors.
openaire +1 more source
AbstractTesting the functional significance of antipredator behaviors is exceedingly difficult given their potential dual functions (i.e., conspecific warning and pursuit deterrence), and this task is made even more difficult when the same term is used to describe different behavioral patterns by different authors.
openaire +1 more source