Results 31 to 40 of about 295,113 (307)
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2022 The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome contains an abundance of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, 50 of which belong to the VapBC family. The activity of VapC toxins is controlled by dynamic association with their cognate antitoxins—the toxin is inactive when
Unnati Chauhan +2 more
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Biological Functions of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria
Microorganisms, 2021 After the first discovery in the 1980s in F-plasmids as a plasmid maintenance system, a myriad of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems has been identified in bacterial chromosomes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and bacteriophages.
M. Kamruzzaman, Alma Y. Wu, J. Iredell
semanticscholar +1 more source
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clinical Pathogens [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. Although not essential for normal cell growth, TA systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. Clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance ...
Fernández-García, Laura +6 more
openaire +5 more sources
Conditional cooperativity of toxin - antitoxin regulation can mediate bistability between growth and dormancy. [PDF]
PLoS Computational Biology, 2013 Many toxin-antitoxin operons are regulated by the toxin/antitoxin ratio by mechanisms collectively coined "conditional cooperativity". Toxin and antitoxin form heteromers with different stoichiometric ratios, and the complex with the intermediate ratio ...
Ilaria Cataudella +3 more
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2022 Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are proposed to play crucial roles in bacterial growth under stress conditions such as phage infection. The type III TA systems consist of a protein toxin whose activity is inhibited by a noncoding RNA antitoxin. The toxin is
Parthasarathy Manikandan +6 more
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Nature Communications, 2023 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for human tuberculosis, has a genome encoding a remarkably high number of toxin-antitoxin systems of largely unknown function. We have recently shown that the M.
Xibing Xu +9 more
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Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Evolution and Revolutions
Journal of Bacteriology, 2020 Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former.
N. Fraikin +2 more
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The DarTG toxin-antitoxin system provides phage defense by ADP-ribosylating viral DNA
bioRxiv, 2021 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are broadly distributed, yet poorly conserved, genetic elements whose biological functions are unclear and controversial.
Michele LeRoux +9 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Antitoxin ε Reverses Toxin ζ-Facilitated Ampicillin Dormants
Toxins, 2020 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous in bacteria, but their biological importance in stress adaptation remains a matter of debate. The inactive ζ-ε2-ζ TA complex is composed of one labile ε2 antitoxin dimer flanked by two stable ζ toxin monomers ...
María Moreno-del Álamo +2 more
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Unrelated toxin-antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence. [PDF]
, 2015 Persisters are drug-tolerant bacteria that account for the majority of bacterial infections. They are not mutants, rather, they are slow-growing cells in an otherwise normally growing population.
Fasani, Rick A, Savageau, Michael A
core +1 more source