Results 11 to 20 of about 99,158 (152)
Regulation of toxin-antitoxin systems by proteolysis.
Plasmid, 2013 Toxin-antitoxin systems are widely distributed among many bacterial species, including human pathogens. Regulation of type II TA system functions, where both components are proteins, relies on proteolysis.
Brzozowska, Iwona +1 more
core +3 more sources
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Translation inhibitors everywhere. [PDF]
Mobile Genetic Elements, 2011 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are composed of two elements: a toxic protein and an antitoxin which is either an RNA (type I and III) or a protein (type II). Type II systems are abundant in bacterial genomes in which they move via horizontal gene transfer.
Guglielmini, Julien +1 more
core +5 more sources
Bio-Protocol, 2023 Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread bacterial immune systems that confer protection against various environmental stresses. TA systems have been classified into eight types (I–VIII) based on the nature and mechanism of action of the antitoxin ...
Parthasarathy Manikandan +2 more
doaj +1 more source
mBio, 2021 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encode a toxin and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. Such TA systems are found abundantly on bacterial chromosomes and on extrachromosomal genetic elements. The toxin is always a protein.
Alexander Mager +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Modeling sRNA-Regulated Plasmid Maintenance. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2017 We study a theoretical model for the toxin-antitoxin (hok/sok) mechanism for plasmid maintenance in bacteria. Toxin-antitoxin systems enforce the maintenance of a plasmid through post-segregational killing of cells that have lost the plasmid.
Chen Chris Gong, Stefan Klumpp
doaj +1 more source
Frontiers in Genetics, 2021 Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbours nine toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of the MazEF family. MazEF TA modules are of immense importance due to the perceived role of the MazF toxin in M. tuberculosis persistence and disease.
Soumyanetra Chandra +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Toxin-antitoxins and bacterial virulence [PDF]
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2016 Bacterial virulence relies on a delicate balance of signals interchanged between the invading microbe and the host. This communication has been extensively perceived as a battle involving harmful molecules produced by the pathogen and host defenses. In this review, we focus on a largely unexplored element of this dialogue, as are toxin-antitoxin (TA ...
Lobato-Márquez, D +2 more
openaire +3 more sources
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clinical Pathogens [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. Although not essential for normal cell growth, TA systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. Clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance ...
Fernández-García, Laura +6 more
openaire +5 more sources
Mobile Genetic Elements, 2013 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxin gene and its cognate antitoxin. The toxins of all known TA systems are proteins while the antitoxins are either proteins or non-coding RNAs. Based on the molecular nature of the antitoxin and its mode of interaction with the toxin the TA modules are currently grouped into five ...
Unterholzner, Simon J +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021 The bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa is known for its global distribution and for the production of toxic compounds. In the genome of M.
Marina Klemenčič +2 more
doaj +1 more source