Results 31 to 40 of about 144,728 (208)
Adenylylation of Gyrase and Topo IV by FicT Toxins Disrupts Bacterial DNA Topology [PDF]
, 2015 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous molecular switches controlling bacterial growth via the release of toxins that inhibit cell proliferation.
Gerdes, K. +27 more
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Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis
Heliyon, 2023 Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host ...
Sonika Sonika +3 more
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and Persistence
, 2019 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules comprising a stable toxic protein and an antitoxin preventing the toxin activity. In type II TA systems, antitoxins are unstable proteins that are degraded by host ATP-dependent proteases. In steady-state conditions, the antitoxin forms a complex with the toxin in which the toxic activity is ...
Fraikin, Nathan +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems of Staphylococcus aureus [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements found in the majority of prokaryotes. They encode toxin proteins that interfere with vital cellular functions and are counteracted by antitoxins. Dependent on the chemical nature of the antitoxins (protein or RNA) and how they control the activity of the toxin, TA systems are currently divided ...
Christopher Schuster, Ralph Bertram
openaire +4 more sources
The Bacillus cereus spoIIS programmed cell death system
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015 Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally associated with two¬ component toxin antitoxin systems. The SpoIIS toxin-antitoxin system, consisting of a membrane bound SpoIISA toxin and a small, cytosolic antitoxin SpoIISB, was originally identified in ...
Jana eMelnicakova +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. The genome of S. Typhimurium codes for diverse virulence factors, among which are the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.
Fernando Chimal-Cázares +14 more
doaj +1 more source
THE NATURE OF THE TOXIN-ANTITOXIN FLOCCULATION PHENOMENON [PDF]
Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1926 1. Animals immunized with the formalinized filtrates of young toxic cultures of B. botulinus produce an antitoxic serum poor in precipitins. 2. Animals immunized with the formalinized filtrates of old and partly autolyzed toxic cultures produce an antitoxic serum containing precipitins. 3. Animals immunized with toxin-free
J J, Bronfenbrenner, P, Reichert
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Expression, Purification, and Functional Analysis of Novel RelE Operon from X. nematophila
The Scientific World Journal, 2014 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) complexes induce programmed cell death and also function to relieve cell from stress by various response mechanisms. Escherichia coli RelB-RelE TA complex consists of a RelE toxin functionally counteracted by RelB antitoxin.
Jitendra Singh Rathore +1 more
doaj +1 more source
PLoS Genetics, 2021 Biofilms are multispecies communities, in which bacteria constantly compete with one another for resources and niches. Bacteria produce many antibiotics and toxins for competition.
Kazuo Kobayashi
doaj +1 more source
sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a Toxin
Toxins, 2014 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. The antitoxin can either be an RNA or a protein.
Jia Wen, Elizabeth M. Fozo
doaj +1 more source