Results 1 to 10 of about 144,728 (208)
Potential role of a CRISPR-Cas-activated toxin-antitoxin system in bacterial immunity [PDF]
Nature CommunicationsCRISPR-Cas and toxin-antitoxin systems can serve as antiviral defense mechanisms in prokaryotes. In typical toxin-antitoxin systems, toxin activation can limit phage propagation by inducing growth arrest or reduced cellular fitness, while the antitoxin ...
Jiyun Chen +9 more
doaj +2 more sources
Bistability in type I toxin-antitoxin systems may lead to stress-induced persister formation [PDF]
npj Systems Biology and ApplicationsAntibiotic persistence, characterized by a dormant subpopulation of bacterial cells that causes chronic and recurrent infections, remains poorly understood despite being recognized nearly a century ago. Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems, which include a toxin
Sofija Markovic +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Generation of a toxin/antitoxin-based counterselection marker for Chlamydia trachomatis [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityChlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. The high rate of asymptomatic cases and absence of a vaccine often leave infections untreated, increasing the risk of serious complications in ...
Eleanor Steiner +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Bioinformatic exploration reveals features of tenpIN family of type III toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria and viruses [PDF]
Scientific ReportsToxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria consist of two genes: one encoding a toxin that inhibits essential cellular processes and the other encoding an antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin under homeostatic conditions.
Kavyashree Nadig +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Regulating Toxin-Antitoxin Expression: Controlled Detonation of Intracellular Molecular Timebombs
Toxins, 2014 Genes for toxin-antitoxin (TA) complexes are widely disseminated in bacteria, including in pathogenic and antibiotic resistant species. The toxins are liberated from association with the cognate antitoxins by certain physiological triggers to impair ...
Finbarr Hayes
exaly +3 more sources
Bio-Protocol, 2023 Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread bacterial immune systems that confer protection against various environmental stresses. TA systems have been classified into eight types (I–VIII) based on the nature and mechanism of action of the antitoxin ...
Parthasarathy Manikandan +2 more
doaj +1 more source
mBio, 2021 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encode a toxin and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. Such TA systems are found abundantly on bacterial chromosomes and on extrachromosomal genetic elements. The toxin is always a protein.
Alexander Mager +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Modeling sRNA-Regulated Plasmid Maintenance. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2017 We study a theoretical model for the toxin-antitoxin (hok/sok) mechanism for plasmid maintenance in bacteria. Toxin-antitoxin systems enforce the maintenance of a plasmid through post-segregational killing of cells that have lost the plasmid.
Chen Chris Gong, Stefan Klumpp
doaj +1 more source
Frontiers in Genetics, 2021 Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbours nine toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of the MazEF family. MazEF TA modules are of immense importance due to the perceived role of the MazF toxin in M. tuberculosis persistence and disease.
Soumyanetra Chandra +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Conditional cooperativity of toxin - antitoxin regulation can mediate bistability between growth and dormancy. [PDF]
PLoS Computational Biology, 2013 Many toxin-antitoxin operons are regulated by the toxin/antitoxin ratio by mechanisms collectively coined "conditional cooperativity". Toxin and antitoxin form heteromers with different stoichiometric ratios, and the complex with the intermediate ratio ...
Ilaria Cataudella +3 more
doaj +1 more source