sRNA Antitoxins: More Than One Way to Repress a Toxin
Toxins, 2014 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. The antitoxin can either be an RNA or a protein.
Elizabeth M Fozo
exaly +4 more sources
Evolution of the SpoIISABC Toxin-Antitoxin-Antitoxin System in Bacilli [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally associated with two-component toxin-antitoxin systems. The SpoIISABC system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, consists of three components: a SpoIISA toxin and the SpoIISB and SpoIISC antitoxins ...
Marek Gabriško, Imrich Barák
doaj +4 more sources
Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins [PDF]
BiomedicinesThe discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of
Marta Prygiel +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Bioinformatic exploration reveals features of tenpIN family of type III toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria and viruses [PDF]
Scientific ReportsToxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria consist of two genes: one encoding a toxin that inhibits essential cellular processes and the other encoding an antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin under homeostatic conditions.
Kavyashree Nadig +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Novel type II toxin-antitoxin systems with VapD-like proteins [PDF]
mBioType II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in prokaryotes. They consist of neighboring genes encoding two small proteins: a toxin that inhibits a critical cellular process and an antitoxin that binds to and neutralizes the toxin.
Konstantin Gilep +6 more
doaj +2 more sources
Free-Living Bacteria May Utilize Chromosomal Toxin–Antitoxin Systems to Mediate K Sensing and Control by Continuously Modulating the Ratio of Injury: Repair Throughout the Life Cycle [PDF]
ToxinsA recent publication proposed that the main biological function of chromosomal toxin–antitoxin systems (TASs) in free-living bacteria is to optimize fitness by mediating K Sensing and Control via a Nutrient-Responsive Cybernetic System.
Stephen J. Knabel, Aubrey Mendonca
doaj +2 more sources
Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation [PDF]
Frontiers in ToxicologyAnimal experiments have long played a central role in biomedical research and toxicology, yet their limitations in translational accuracy and ethical concerns have intensified the demand for reliable alternatives.
Seo-Hyuk Chang +17 more
doaj +2 more sources
EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC PROBIOTIC AND/OR BIOLOGICAL ANTITOXIN SUPPLEMENTATIONS ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS [PDF]
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019 Forty-eight lactating Holstein Friesian cows were utilized to assess impact of supplementing probiotic ZAD (mixture of live bacterial cells and enzymes) compared with T5X (antitoxins product) on some productive, reproductive and antitoxins activity ...
M. Kholif +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Induced DNA bending by unique dimerization of HigA antitoxin
IUCrJ, 2020 The bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) system regulates cell growth under various environmental stresses. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis (TB), has three HigBA type II TA systems with reverse gene organization, consisting ...
Jin-Young Park +6 more
doaj +1 more source
Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin
mBio, 2023 A type II VapB14 antitoxin regulates biofilm dispersal in the archaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius through traditional toxin neutralization but also through noncanonical transcriptional regulation.
April M. Lewis +5 more
doaj +1 more source