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Dynamics-Based Regulatory Switches of Type II Antitoxins: Insights into New Antimicrobial Discovery
Antibiotics, 2023 Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are prevalent in prokaryotes and are involved in cell maintenance and survival under harsh environmental conditions, including nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatment, and human immune responses. Typically, the type
Bong-Jin Lee
exaly +4 more sources
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2007 Recent genomic analyses revealed a surprisingly large number of toxin-antitoxin loci in free-living prokaryotes. The antitoxins are proteins or antisense RNAs that counteract the toxins. Two antisense RNA-regulated toxin-antitoxin gene families, hok/sok and ldr, are unrelated sequence-wise but have strikingly similar properties at the level of gene and
Kenn Gerdes, E Gerhart H Wagner
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sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a Toxin
Toxins, 2014 Bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. The antitoxin can either be an RNA or a protein.
Jia Wen, Elizabeth M. Fozo
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Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems
Toxins, 2020 The diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA ...
Chih-Han Tu +3 more
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JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1898 n ...
Houghton, E. Mark, E. MARK HOUGHTON
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Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins [PDF]
BiomedicinesThe discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of
Marta Prygiel +3 more
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Algal chloroplast produced camelid VHH antitoxins are capable of neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin [PDF]
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2015 We have produced three antitoxins consisting of the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies (VH H) by expressing the genes in the chloroplast of green algae.
Daniel J Barrera +2 more
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Evolution of the SpoIISABC Toxin-Antitoxin-Antitoxin System in Bacilli [PDF]
Toxins, 2016 Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally associated with two-component toxin-antitoxin systems. The SpoIISABC system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, consists of three components: a SpoIISA toxin and the SpoIISB and SpoIISC antitoxins ...
Marek Gabriško, Imrich Barák
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Large-Scale Comparison of Toxin and Antitoxins in Listeria monocytogenes [PDF]
Toxins, 2020 Toxin−antitoxin systems (TASs) are widely distributed in prokaryotes and encode pairs of genes involved in many bacterial biological processes and mechanisms, including pathogenesis.
José Antonio Agüero +4 more
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Novel type II toxin-antitoxin systems with VapD-like proteins [PDF]
mBioType II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in prokaryotes. They consist of neighboring genes encoding two small proteins: a toxin that inhibits a critical cellular process and an antitoxin that binds to and neutralizes the toxin.
Konstantin Gilep +6 more
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